Chapter 4

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

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Front (Question)

Muscular strength =

Back (Answer)

the amount of force a muscle can produce with a single maximum effort

Front (Question)

Muscular endurance =

Back (Answer)

the ability of a muscle or group of muscles to remain contracted (sustain a level of muscular force) or to contract repeatedly

Front (Question)

Muscles consist of many ______ connected in bundles

Back (Answer)

muscle fibers (cells)

Front (Question)

Muscle fibers/cells are made up of?

Back (Answer)

myofibrils

Front (Question)

Myofibrils contain ____ and ____ filaments which slide together and contract the fiber

Back (Answer)

actin and myosin

Front (Question)

Strength training increases the?

Back (Answer)

of myofibrils and the size of muscle fibers

Front (Question)

hypertrophy

Back (Answer)

size of muscle fibers

Front (Question)

atrophy

Back (Answer)

Inactivity reverses the process (No appreciable increase in # of muscle fibres)

Front (Question)

characteristics of Slow-twitch fibers (red)?

Back (Answer)

 Fatigue resistant  Don’t contract as rapidly or forcefully as fast-twitch fibers  Rely primarily on oxidative energy system

#10

Front (Question)

characteristics of Fast-twitch fibers (white)?

Back (Answer)

 Fatigue more quickly than slow-twitch fibers  Contract rapidly and forcefully  Rely more on non-oxidative energy system

#11

Front (Question)

Intermediate fibers

Back (Answer)

fuel system between slow + fast-twitch

#12

Front (Question)

The type of fibre activated depends on?

Back (Answer)

the nature of the physical demand

#13

Front (Question)

Endurance activities (walking, jogging) use more _____ fibres, while strength/power activities use more ____ fibres

Back (Answer)

slow-twitch, fast-twitch

#14

Front (Question)

A “motor unit”?

Back (Answer)

1 nerve connected to 2 or many muscle fibers

#15

Front (Question)

what are some Physiological Effects of Strength Training?

Back (Answer)

 Increased muscle mass and size of muscle fibers  Increased utilization and coordination of motor units  Increased strength of tendons, ligaments, and bones  Increased storage of fuel in and blood supply to muscles  Increased size of fast-twitch fibres  Increased size of slow-twitch fibres  Improvements in blood fat levels  Improved blood vessel health  Improvements in biochemical processes

#16

Front (Question)

Benefits of Muscular Strength and Endurance?

Back (Answer)

 Improved performance of physical activities  Injury prevention (maintaining posture, mechanics)  Improved body composition  Enhanced self-image and quality of life  Improved muscle and bone health with aging  Prevention and management of chronic disease

#17

Front (Question)

Muscular strength assessed by determining?

Back (Answer)

the maximum resistance that can be lifted one time

#18

Front (Question)

Muscular endurance assessed by?

Back (Answer)

counting the maximum number of repetitions (or length) of a muscular contraction

#19

Front (Question)

Static (isometric) exercise =

Back (Answer)

muscle contraction without a change in the length of the muscle

#20

Front (Question)

Dynamic (isotonic) exercise =

Back (Answer)

muscle contraction with a change in the length of the muscle

#21

Front (Question)

Concentric contraction =

Back (Answer)

muscle applies force as it shortens

#22

Front (Question)

Eccentric / plyometric contraction =

Back (Answer)

muscle applies force as it lengthens

#23

Front (Question)

what are the Types of Dynamic Exercise?

Back (Answer)

• Constant resistance • Variable resistance • Eccentric loading • Plyometrics • Speed loading • Isokinetic exercise

#24

Front (Question)

Constant resistance =

Back (Answer)

constant load throughout a joint’s range of motion