The Cell
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Hierarchy
a way of dividing and organizing topics for studying
Cellular composition
fundamental unit of any organism
Reproduction
the ability to reproduce and pass on DNA to continue the species
Homeostasis
the stability of an organisms internal conditions
Metabolism
processing of food to “create” energy
Evolution
species must be able to adapt to their environment
Variables
factors, conditions, or relationships that can be changed in an experiment
Control group
group that continues under existing conditions
Experimental group
group that is exposed to something that’s being tested
Controlled variables
factors/conditions that don’t change
Manipulated/independent variable
variable that differs from the controlled group and experimental group
Responding/dependent variable
result of the change in the experimental group due to the manipulated variable
Hypothesis
proposed explanation for a phenomenon or problem being studied
Null hypothesis
first hypothesis to be tested
Alternative hypotheses
other options if the null hypothesis is rejected
Deductive reasoning
examines the big picture data and predicts a specific answer
Inductive reasoning
takes a specific observation and draws broader conclusions from it
Quantitative data
observations made/measured using numbers
Qualitative data
describes observations, or approximates and characterizes
Scientific theory
a thoroughly tested and confirmed explanation for a set of observations or phenomena
Orbital/electron shell
model for describing where electrons travel around the nucleus of an atom, can take on complex shapes
Isotopes
some atoms have different numbers of neutrons
Atomic mass
the average of mass of an atom’s isotopes
Valence electrons
electrons in the outermost energy level, the electrons that interact with other atoms