Fluids and Electrolytes

What proportion of body weight is water?

____________ ________ comprises two-thirds of water weight.

Extracellular fluid makes up ____-______ of water weight.

_________ is one quarter, and interstitial fluid is three quarters of the extracellular fluid.

Extracellular fluid loss may be due to acute ______ _____, vomiting, and diarrhoea.

State two ways by which extracellular fluid can be gained.

What is the homeostatic response of changes in extracellular fluid?

The concentration of solutes per kilogram of solvent (mOsm/kg H2O) is ____________.

‘Normal’ plasma osmolality is 2__ - 295 mOsm/kg.

__________ osmolality is from 300 - 900 mOsm/kg.

_________, and its associated anions, account for most of the osmotic activity of plasma.

___________ is regulated by changes in water balance.

___________ is regulated by changes in sodium balance.

Measurement of osmolality is done by osmometer, and based on freezing point or ___________ ______________.

State the formula for calculated osmolality.

__________ _____ are caused by the difference between measured and calculated osmolality.

Osmolality - ___________ ___________ = osmolal gap

GFR Increases with volume expansion, and decreases with volume ___________.

What is the role of atrial natriuretic peptide?

True or false: in water excess, ADH secretion and thirst are suppressed.

Hypernatraemia occurs during _______ ___________.

___________ dehydration can be caused by GI losses, inadequate fluid intake, etc..

___________ dehydration results from diuretic drugs, osmotic diuresis, etc..

__________ dehydration can be derived from GI losses, and high-sodium sweat (as seen in cystic fibrosis).