3.1 Nutrition

Nutrients needed in large amounts Mainly needed for energy Carbohydrate, protein, lipid (fat), water

Cereals, wheat (bread), potato, pasta, rice

Fuel, energy storage, cell membrane, DNA, RNA

Meat, fish, dairy

Structure, transport, communication, enzymes, protection, fuel

Eggs, nuts, meat

Fuel, energy storage, cell membrane, hormones, precursor of bile acid

Beverage, fruit, vegetables

Medium for biochemical reactions, transport, thermoregulation, excretion, lubrication

Nutrients needed in small amounts Mainly needed for overall health Vitamin, mineral + trace elements, fibre

Fruit, vegetables

Energy release from macronutrients, metabolism, bone health, blood health, immune function, eyesight

Meat, milk, fish, diary, salt, fruit

Mineralisation of bones + teeth, blood oxygen transport, muscle function

Vegetables, fruit, beans, grain

Adds bulk to diet, aids digestion, prevents constipation

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen 1:2:1 ratio C6H12O6

Mono + mono/di/poly = di/ply + water Glucose molecules can combine to form disaccharides & polysaccharides through the condensation reaction Condensation reaction: Linking of a monosaccharide, disaccharide or polysaccharide by the removal of a water molecule

Glycerol (alcohol with 3 hydroxyl groups [OC] + 3 fatty acids (long chain hydrocarbons [HC] with a carboxyl group [COOH] at the end) Condensation reaction links them together Occurs between one of the OH groups of the glycerol, and the COOH group of the fatty acid. This produces one molecule of water.

Have no double bonds between individual carbon atoms of the fatty acid chain Originate from animal sources e.g. mean, poultry, full-fat dairy products Also originate from topical oils e.g. palm, coconut oils

Have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms within the fatty acid chain Originate from plant-based foods e.g. olive oil, olives, avocado, peanuts, cashew nuts, canola oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen (CHON)

Can not be synthesised by the human body Must be obtained from the diet

Can be synthesised by the human body