Module 5: Ecology

density

Resources are limited

density independent density dependent

effects everyone equally –> weather, natural disasters abiotic these are always at play

effects vary based on density this depends on dense the population is -limiting resources –>as the population increases the resources deplete result in infraspecific competition –> thus getting less food -predators –> attracted to high density prey areas, they can catch a larger proportion, and death rate increases -pathogens –> spread easier in a denser population than in areas with fewer individuals (crowding and disease is not a cute combo)

It is you max growth rate

closer to 0, close to capacity closer to 1 farther frmo it

how populations are arranged, or the spatial arrangement of individuals -regular -random -clumped

resources tend to be clumped like people living along the water *most common

seeds dispersed along wind, random, if environment in consistent the seeds will fall wherever

equally around landscape, weird to see, normally social or antisocial conditions –> penguins –> plants with alleopathy (chemical producing) like walnut trees

movement of individuals immigration & emmigration *deadliest part of an animals life, (must have good benefits -live with parents and leave, or seeds in wind

Benefits: Limits Compeition–> no relatives to fight ogg Expands Resources Limits Inbreeding–> different mates, more genetic diversity Costs: Energy Death

the schedule and or expectation of major life events -evolved traits of a species determine the timeing and patterns of that species’s life cycle

growth rate age at sexual maturity number of offspring/bout life span

intrinstic growth rate -there life is uncertain, they will reproduce a few times, but with a shit ton of offpsing, live not as long, have less parental care, -they can adapt and live with a wide variety fo resources and a wide range reach sexual maturity quickly

close to carring capacity -can adapt to preductable conditions - live longer reproduce multiple times, -but with smaller number of offspring, but have more parental care –> these will probably live through adulthood (type i or ii) -good at enduring competition for resoruces_

survive to old age k select

risk constant at old age

most die young r choose

looks at abundance and disturbance of average and how one affects the other –> look how they change through time (sucession (in plant community)) –> abiotic influence –> biodiversity

number different species but also genetic diversity (inbred and diverse) -all the living things and the interactions between them (coevolution) - the diversity of important ecological entities that span multiple spatial scales, from genes to populations to species to communities is a term used to span multiple scales of diversity from genes to species to communities (txtboook)

-ecostystems & habitats -species -genetic diversity within species *need to have all three Zoo would not count

+/- interactions predators have adaptions that enable them to identify catch, subdue, and consume their prey -carnivory involves an energetic tradeoff between gathering and using resources -Cambrian Explosion is why these traits where the massive evolutionary imapct happende