1.5 The Periodic Table and Periodic Law
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Columns of elements are called
groups or families.
Elements in each family have similar but not
identical properties.
For example, lithium (Li), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) are all…
soft, white, shiny metals
All elements in a family have the same
number of valence electrons.
Each horizontal row of elements is called a
period
The elements in a period are not alike in
properties
The first element in a period is always an
extremely active solid.
The last element in a period, is always an
inactive gas.
alkali metals
-solid at room temperature -react violently with water to liberate hydrogen gas.
They are the most reactive metals:
alkali metals
Alkali metals are never found as free elements in nature. They are always…
bonded with another element.
alkaline earth metals
-light, very reactive metals -react with oxygen to form oxides -solid at room temperature
examples of alkaline earth metals
magnesium calcium
Transition metals form ___________, variable reactivity
multivalent ions
examples of transition metals
copper, tin, zinc, iron, nickel, gold, and silver.
They are good conductors of heat and electricity.
transition metals
Many transition metals combine chemically with ________ to form compounds called oxides.
oxygen
Can be solids, liquids, and gases at room temperature
halogen family
halogens are dull, non-conductors, and _____________
extremely reactive
elements in the halogen family
The elements in this family are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine.
___________ are colorless gases that are extremely unreactive (inert).
noble gases
All the noble gases are found in small amounts in the
earth’s atmosphere.
noble gases
-gases at room temperature -low melting and boiling points
rare earth metals
The thirty rare earth elements are composed of the lanthanide (57-70) and actinide (89-102) series.