Tumor Markers (Part 3)
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What is useful in the detection of pancreatic and colorectal cancer
Blood Group Antigen: CA 19-9
used as a marker for multiple myeloma for over 100 years
Protein Marker: Immunoglobulins
Histological marker for melanoma and melanoma metastases
Protein Marker: S-100
Used to diagnose differentiated thyroid cancer
Protein Marker: Thyroglobulin and antibodies
Used as indicators for therapy in breast cancer
Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors
Neuroblastoma and AML and 95% of pancreatic cancers
Genetic oncogenes: ras
If activated, there is an association with B- and T-cell lymphoma
Genetic oncogenes: c-myc
Amplification is found in breast tumors and used for prognosis
Genetic oncogenes: Her-2/neu
Expressed in lymphomas, myeloma, and chronic leukemias
Genetic oncogenes: bcl-2
Useful in the diagnosis and in the directing of treatment in CML
Genetic oncogenes: BCR-ABL
Loss of banding on this gene leads to a rare pediactric tumor called retinoblastoma
Tumor-Suppressor Genes: Retinoblastoma gene
Deletions in this gene may bead to colon carcinoma
Tumor-Suppressor Genes: p53 gene
Loss leads to colorectal cancer with or without many polyps
Tumor-Suppressor Genes: APC
Reasonably certain prediction that the woman will develop breat (85% of patients) or ovarian cancer (45%) by the age of 85
Tumor-Suppressor Genes: BRCA1 and BRCA2