Chapter 11
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What is essential for multicellular organisms
cell to cell communication
what determines cell response
the combined effects of multiple signals
what is the dilatation of blood vessels controlled by
multiple molecules
external signals are converted to (blank) within the cell
responses
what is quorum sensing
organisms such as bacteria sensing by molecules the cell density of their colony. This allows for all cells to act at sometime in a specific way.
What is biofilm an example of
quorum sensing
what is biofilm
at a certain density, bacteria cells are attached to a surface by molecules secreted by the cells. Which then protects the bacteria
what is a signal transduction pathway
a series of steps by which a signal on a cells surface is converted into a specific cellular response
signal transduction pathways convert signals on cells surface into what
cellular responses
what does the concentration of signaling molecules allow?
bacteria to detect population density
how do cells in a multicellular organism communicate
chemical messengers
do plants or animal cells have cell junctions
both
what is the purpose of cell junctions
they directly connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells
during local signaling how might animals cells communicate
direct contact or cell to cell recognition
what are examples of local signaling
• embryonic development • immune response • maintaining adult stem cell populations
what is another way animal cells communicate
they use local regulators
what are local regulators and do they happen in animal or plant cells
they happen in animal cells and during it, messenger molecules that ravel only short distances
Do plant or animal use long distance signaling
plant and animal
what is long distance signaling
they use chemicals called hormones
what are the three stages of cell signaling
-Reception -Transduction -Response
Who discovered how the hormone epinephrine acts on cells
Earl W. Sutherland
how does a signal reception work
a signaling molecule binds to a receptor protein, causing it to change shape
is the binding between a signal molecule and a receptor specific or no
very specific
what is a ligand
signal molecule