IB Chemistry
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Characteristics of a Solid?
Fixed Shape Fixed Volume Particles Closely Packed Strong Forces Between Particles, They Vibrate About Fixed Positions
Characteristics of a Liquid?
Particles Slightly more Spread Out Weaker forces between particles, they can move past each other Take the shape of the container Fixed volume
Characteristics of a Gas?
Particles are very spread out Negligible forces between particles, move randomly No Fixed Shape No Fixed Volume
Which Changes of State are Exothermic?
Deposition Condensation Freezing
Which Changes of State are Endothermic?
Sublimation Evaporation Boiling Melting
Which substances undergo sublimation at atmospheric pressure?
iodine, carbon dioxide and ammonium chloride