Solution Formulations
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What are homogenous mixtures ?
This is uniform distribution of molecules and ions
What is the colour of pharmaceutical solutions ?
Transparent and optically clear
What are pharmaceutical mixtures ?
They are homogenous mixtures which is a uniform distribution of molecules and ions. And the solute is fully dissolved within theses solutions
What are the 2 types of pharmaceutical solutions ?
Internal External
What are internal types of pharmaceutical solutions ?
Oral , parenteral, ophthalmic
What are external types of pharmaceutical solutions ?
Topical , nasal , ear solutions
Why do some patients prefer solutions over tablets ?
Faster absorption, easier to swallow and flexible dosing
What are expedients ?
They are non drug ingredients that improve stability, enhance bioavailability, and improve taste or appearance
Give me examples of excipients ?
Sweeteners Flavours Colours Buffers Vehicles Solubility enhances Preservatives
What is the most common type of solvent?
Water
What are the 2 types of solvent systems ?
Purified water Water for injections
What is purified water used for ?
Non injectables and non parental formulations
How is purified water produced?
Produced by distillation, ion exchange or reverse osmosis
What is water for injections used in ?
Parental preparations
How is water for injections produced ?
It was that is purified and is further purified to remove pathogens
What does non parental formations mean ?
Refers to a route give through other than the digestive system so it’s given by injections so faster absorption
What does parental forms means ?
Drugs that are given through the digestive systems eg not injections
Is two portable water used for solubility and why ?
No as the contain minerals and contaminants
When is potable water used ?
Oral and external solution but only if it’s freshly drawn and boiled
What are non aqueous solvents ?
Liquids that are not water but can disable in other substances
When do we use non-aqueous solvent?
If a drug is unstable or poorly soluble in water and allow special properties such as releasing their contents over a long period of time
What are examples of non aqueous solvents ?
Ethanol Oils Dimethyl sulfoxide
Where are non aqueous solvents applied ?
Intramuscular and topical solutions
What are the disadvantages of non aqueous solvents ?
Potentially toxic or irritating and may not mix well with body fluids