U2KA6
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Describe the blood flow from the body
Blood travels from body –> right atrium via vena cava –> right ventricle via atrioventricular valve –> semi-lunar valve into pulmonary artery –> lungs
What does the atrioventricular valve do?
prevents backflow of blood from the ventricle into the atrium, when ventricles contract blood is pushed out of the heart.
Describe the blood flow from the lungs
lungs –> left atrium via pulmonary vein –> left ventricle via atrioventricular valve –> aorta via semi-lunar valve –> body
What is cardiac output?
the volume of blood pumped through each ventricle per minute
What is cardiac output determined by?
heart rate and stroke volume
What is heart rate?
its the number of beats per minute completed by the heart
What is stroke volume?
the volume of blood emptied from the heart by both ventricles for every beat
What’s the formula of cardiac output?
CO = HR x SV
what is diastole?
relaxation of ventricles and atria
what is artial systole
atrial contraction
what ventricular systole
ventricular contraction
describe the cardiac cycle
diastole –> blood returns to atria –> flows into ventricles –> atrial systole transfers blood through atrioventricular valves to ventricle —> ventricular systole pumpls blood out through semi-lunar valve –> aorta and pulmonary valve
What is the sino-atrial node and what does it do?
its the wall of the right atrium and it creates heartbeat
how does the sino-atrial node create heartbeat?
they have the ability to spontaneously send signals across the heart, these signals control heart rate.
what is the SA node knonw as?
pacemaker cells
sino-atrial node are _______.
autorhythmic
Where is the atrioventricular node located?
centre of heart
How does the AV node work?
receive impulses –> passed them down fibres down the wall of the heart –> ventricle contract
What can detect currents generated by the impulses in the heart?
electrocardiogram (ECG)
What are the 3 different waves detected in an ECG?
P wave, QRS wave and T wave
What does the P wave detect in an ECG/
electrical wave across the atria
What does the QRS wave detect in an ECG
electrical wave across the ventricles
what does the T wave detect in an ECG
electrical recovery in the ahrt
the ______ regulates the rate of sinoatrial node through the _______ action of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)
medulla, antagonistic