Metals and the Reactivity Series
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Compare the general physical properties of metals and non-metals.
• metals have high melting/boiling points, non-metals have low • metals are good electric conductors, non-metals are electric insulators • metals are good thermal conductors, non-metals are thermal insulators • metals are ductile/malleable, not non-metals
State the order of the reactivity series.
potassium sodium calcium magnesium aluminium carbon zinc iron tin lead hydrogen copper silver gold
Where is hydrogen in the reactivity series?
below iron, above copper
Where is carbon in the reactivity series?
below aluminium, above zinc
Reaction of metals with water.
metal + water → metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Group I elements are ____ reactive than Group II.
more
Which elements are more reactive, group 1 or 2?
group 1
For metals, what does the group define about their reactivity?
the lower the group the more reactive
For metals, what does the mass of an element define about their reactivity?
heavier elements further down the group are more reactive
Mnemonic for reactivity series.
Please send cats, monkeys and zebras charging into hot countries, Signed Greg OR (para aluninhos do dicks - annuca): please stop calling me a careless zebra, instead try learning how copper saves gold
Reaction of metals with dilute acids.
metal + acid → salt + hydrogen
Reaction of metals with oxygen.
metal + oxygen → metal oxide
What is aluminium used for and why?
• manufacture of aircraft: low density • manufacture of overhead electrical cables: low density + good electrical conductivity • food containers: resistance to corrosion
What is copper used for and why?
electrical wiring: good electrical conductivity and ductility
Describe the reaction of potassium with cold water.
• vigorous effervescence • hydrogen gas released • metal floats on water surface, gets smaller as it reacts • after a short while the gas given off will ignite and a lilac-coloured flame seen
Describe the reaction of sodium with cold water.
• similar to potassium, but reaction is less vigorous so the hydrogen gas may not ignite
Describe the reaction of calcium with cold water.
• solid metal sinks • bubbles produced on surface of the metal (much slower than K and Na) • as metal disappears, solution becomes cloudy as calcium hydroxide is insoluble
Describe the reaction of magnesium with cold water/steam.
no reaction with cold water, but reacts with steam to form hydrogen and white powder (magnesium oxide)
The solid metal sinks, bubbles produce on the surface of the metal, as the metal disappears solution turns cloudy. What reaction is this?
calcium and water
Describe the reaction of magnesium with dilute HCl.
strong: bubbles form quickly on the surface, metal slowly disappears
Describe the reaction of zinc with dilute HCl.
bubbles slowly form
Describe the reaction of iron with dilute HCl.
very slow, must be powdered iron
Describe the reaction of copper/silver/gold with dilute HCl.
none
A metal reacts with dilute HCl. The reaction is slow and the metal must be powdered. What is the metal?
iron