The Scale of Things, The view from Earth, The Earth-Moon-Sun System
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Define hypothesis.
Collection of ideas that seem to explain what is observed, predictions that can be tested.
Define Models.
Hypothesis that have withstood observational and experimental tests explain with maths properties and behaviours of some object or phenomenon.
Define Theory.
A set of tested ideas written using math to try explaining how things behave.
Define Laws.
Proven theories that have stood the test of time and have broad applicability.
What did Eratosthenes measure the circumference of the Earth to be in 200 B.C.?
42,000km
What is the actual radius and circumference of Earth?
R: 6371km C: 40,030km
How many times of Earth are the following? -Moon -Sun -Jupiter -Saturn
4 times smaller 100 times bigger 10 times bigger 9 times bigger
Define A.U.
Astronomical Unit is defined as the average distance between Earth and Sun. Is 1.5 * 10^8 km
Define light year.
Is distance travelled by light in one year. 9.46 * 10^12 km
Define parsec.
Distance at which 1AU perpendicular to the observer’s line of sight subtends an angle of 1 arcsec. 3.09 * 10^13 km
How did aristarchus measure the radius of the sun and the moon.
radius of sun / distance to sun By calculating the angle between the Sun and the first or third quarter moon to calculate ratio. radius of moon / distance to moon From angle we can get distance to moon / distance to sun = 1/400 Hence radius of sun = 400 radius of moon. We have radius of moon.
How many times bigger is the Sun than the moon?
400
How can we calculate the radius of the moon?
By calculating how long it takes the moon to cross Earth’s shadow during a lunar eclipse.
What is the radius of the Moon and of the Sun?
Moon: 1737km Sun: 696300km
How big is the solar system?
4.5 * 10^9km
T or F. All the planets of the solar system could fit within the radius of the orbit between Earth and the moon theoretically.
True.
What is the speed of light?
3 * 10^8 ms^-1
How long does it take light to travel from the Sun to Earth?
8 minutes
How many stars are in the milky way? How far is the solar system from the centre of the milky way?
10^11 stars 2.8 * 10^4 ly
T or F. If Earth was flat, daytime and nighttime would be equally long throughout the year.
False.
T or F. Daytime / nighttime will happen at the same for everyone on Earth.
True.
How many constellations cover the entire sky?
88
T or F. Stars in a constellation shape are close together.
False.
What angle coverage of the sky is provided by human hand at arms length?
10 degrees.