Genetics
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What does Phenotype mean
The trait expressed from the genotype
What does Genotype mean
Genotype are the Letter ( AA, Aa, aa)
How do you determine is a Pedigree is Recessive or Dominant
Dominant: Trait appears in every generation, and an affected individual has at least one affected parent. Recessive: Trait can skip generations, and unaffected parents can have affected children if they are carriers.
In A pedigree If the trait being observed is recessive If somebody in the second generation inherited the trait what would be the Genotype( Using A)
aa
What are Alleles
Alleles are different versions of the same gene that exist at the same position (locus) on homologous chromosomes. Each gene has two alleles, one inherited from each parent. Alleles can be dominant or recessive, and they determine specific traits or characteristics in an organism.
What does Homozygous recessive mean
The trait is recessive( Two lower case letters )
What does Homozygous Dominant mean
The trait is Dominant( Two uppercase letters )
What does Heterozygous mean
Heterozygous refers to having two different alleles for a particular gene. One allele comes from the mother and the other from the father.( Aa )
What shape represents Females and Males in a pedigree
Female- Circle Male- Square
What does it mean if a Circle/ Square is half shaded in
It Carries the recessive trait
If an inherited trait is sex- linked how would you write the genotype( For Male/ Female)
Female- XX Male- XY
If a line is connecting two shapes what does that mean
There Married
If a line is coming down from a shape what does that mean
Offspring
In order what is the correct organization of genetic material smallest to largest
Nucleotide → Gene → Chromosome → Chromatin → Genome → Cell.
When there are more than 2 versions of a gene what is it called
Multiple allelism refers to the presence of more than two alleles for a gene in a population, though an individual can only inherit two of them.
What is a gene
a gene is a functional segment of DNA that carries hereditary information and provides the instructions for making proteins or RNA that contribute to an organism’s traits and functions.
When two traits show up to form spots and stripes what pattern of inheritance is this
Codominance
If two healthy parents had a child who had the genetic disorder of cystic fibrosis which is a recessive trait what is the best explanation
Both the Parents are Carriers
The ability to curl your tongue is a dominant trait over not being able to curl your tongue. If a parent is heterozygous for tongue rolling and has children with a parent who can’t tongue roll what are the chances that they have children that can also roll their tongues
50% chance
What is incomplete Dominance
Incomplete dominance is a type of genetic inheritance where neither allele is completely dominant over the other. As a result, the heterozygous offspring show a blend or intermediate expression of the two alleles, rather than displaying one dominant trait over the other. EX: RR = Red (homozygous) WW = White (homozygous) RW = Pink (heterozygous)
When two traits blend together to form a new phenotype , what pattern of inheritance is this?
When two traits blend together to form a new phenotype, the pattern of inheritance is known as incomplete dominance.
What is Asexual production
Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction in which a single organism produces offspring without the involvement of another organism or the fusion of gametes (sperm and egg). The offspring are genetically identical to the parent, making them clones.
What is Sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes (reproductive cells) from two individuals: usually a sperm cell from the male and an egg cell from the female.
What would be a possible disadvantage of asexual reproduction
A possible disadvantage of asexual reproduction is the lack of genetic diversity. Since offspring are genetically identical to the parent (clones), they have the same genetic traits. This can be problematic in the following ways: