Acids And Bases
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What is an acid ?
They are proton donors
What are properties of a proton and an alternative name for acids ?
An alternative name is lowry - brondsted and protons are very unstable
What is a strong acid ?
This are acids which fully dissociates into H+ ions when dissolved in water
What is a salt ?
A compound in which H+ forms an acid which is replaced by a metal ions or ammonium ion
What is a monoprotic acid ?
1 mole of acid dissociates into 1 mole of H+ eg HCl
What is a diprotic acid ?
1 mole if acid dissociates into 2 moles of H+ eg H2 SO4
What is a weak acid ?
An acid which partially dissociates into its H+ ions when dissolved in water .This reaction is reversible
What is a triprotic acid and examples ?
1 mole of acid dissociates into to 3 moles of H+ eg H3 PO4
What is a base?
A proton acceptor
What is an alkali ?
A soluble base that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water
Difference between weak and strong alkali ?
Strong alkali - full dissociation Weak alkali - partial dissociation
Difference between insoluble and soluble bases ?
Metal oxides and metal carbonates are examples of insoluble bases whilst alkalis are soluble bases
What are the 4 chemical reactions of acids ?
• metal + acid - salt + hydrogen • metal oxide + acid - salt + water • metal carbonate + acid - salt + water + carbon dioxide • metal hydroxide + acid - salt + water
2 stages of finding an ionic equation?
*1st stage- split the aqueous ionic compound *2nd stage - simply by cancellinh out the identical species (spectator ions)
Suggest a reason why Na3PO4 could be described as a salt of H3PO4 ?
*the hydrogen ions are replaced by the sodium ions