Jakob Hohwy - Perception as causal inference
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Perception as causal inference
Perception involves inferring causes from sensory input.
Constraints on perceptual inference
Biases and prior beliefs influence perception.
Perception and Bayes’ rule
Perceptual inference involves ranking hypotheses based on likelihood and prior probability.
Unconscious perceptual inference
Helmholtz proposed the brain unconsciously infers causes of sensory input using Bayes’ rule.
Perceptual inference and binocular rivalry
Binocular rivalry demonstrates the brain’s hypothesis-testing nature.
How do neurons know Bayes?
Neurons may engage in Bayesian reasoning for unconscious inference.
From inference to phenomenology
Perception involves a hierarchical process influenced by prior beliefs.
A hierarchy of causal regularities
Causal interactions shape our perception of the world.
Perceptual variance and invariance
Perception becomes more invariant as it relies on slower regularities.
Message passing between hierarchical levels
Message passing between levels of perception ties the hierarchy together.