DNA & RNA

Consists of a sugar molecule attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen base

The process where information in a gene is used to make a product (protein)

The process by which mRNA is formed, using the code on a DNA strand (antisense) by matching the sequence of nucleotides

Thymine Guanine Adenine Uracil Cystosine

The RNA molecule that transfers coded information from the nucleus to ribosomes

Non-coding sections of RNA transcript

Part of the RNA transcript that includes a section of the final piece of RNA after introns have been removed during RNA splicing

The enzyme responsible for the separation of DNA strands during replication

A group of 3 nitrogenous bases on the DNA strand

The strand of DNA corresponding to the mRNA sequence

Identical to the strand of mRNA being produced, but containing thymine instead of uracil

The process occurring inside the ribosome, turning tRNA into amino acids, which then turn into protein

The first codon of mRNA translated by risbosomes - AUG

A hydrophobic amino acid

A trinucleotide sequence, complimentary to that of a corresponding codon in mRNA

Initiates the transcription of the first codon from a DNA triplet

Signals termination of transcription to RNA polymerase

The enzyme that transcripts DNA sequences into RNA

Initiation Elongation Termination

mRNA enters the ribosome and tRNA anticodon binds to start codon (aug)

More tRNA binds to the mRNA and attached amino acids bond together (peptide bond), forming a polypeptide chain. Initial tRNA breaks off.

When polypeptide is complete, a stop codon is recognised and a primary protein is formed. Stop codon ( UAA, UAG, UGA)

a multitude of chemical compounds that tell the genome what to do. The epigenome is made up of chemical compounds and proteins that can attach to DNA and turn genes on and off

• Silence/turn off transcription - Attach to cytosine at CG