2.1 ATOMS & REACTIONS
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Relative mass and charge of protons, neutrons and electrons.
Define isotope
• Atoms of the same element with same proton number, different number of neutrons and different masses
Define relative atomic mass , Ar
The weighted mean mass of an atom compared to 1/12th the mass of a carbon-12 atom
Define relative isotopic mass
The mass of an atom of an isotope compared to 1/12th the mass of a carbon-12 atom
Relative atomic mass , Ar equation for isotopic mass spectrometry?
Chromium ion
Nitrate ion
Carbonate ion
Sulfate ion
Ammonium ion
Zinc ion
Silver ion
Define the term molar mass , Mr
• The mass in grams of any substance that equals 1 mole, (e.g 12g of carbon, 16g of oxygen) • 12g (Mr) of carbon = 1 mole • 16g (Mr) of oxygen = 1 mole
Define the term Avogardos constant
• 6.02×10^23 • this is the number of particles in one mole of any substance • 1 mole of ANYTHING = 6.02×10^23 particles
Define the term mole
• the amount of any substance that has the same number of particles as 12g of carbon-12 isotope (6.02 x 10^23)
Equation for moles, mass, Mr
Equation for molar gas volume (RTP)
Define empirical formula
• The simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound
Define molecular formula
• The actual whole number ratio of atoms in a compound
What is a salt?
• Ionic compounds with metal cation/ammonium cations and anions derived from acid
Define hydrated crystal
• A crystal with water
Define anhydrous crystal
• A crystal without water
Define water of crystalisation
• The number of water molecules in ratio to the crystal compound
Equation for concentration, volume, moles
