Unit 2 : The Biology Of Controlling Fertility
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True or false in males the levels of FSH fluctuates
False FSH remains at a constant level in males . The same applies for ICSH
Describe fertility in males
Continuous
Describe fertility in women
Cyclical
What two things indicate a women is in a fertile period ?
• Her temperature will be 0.5° C higher • Her cervical mucus will be thin and watery
What can cause infertility in males and females ?
Things like disease, lifestyle reasons , obesity, drug misuse, smoking , stress or even poor diet
If a female is infertile due to failure to ovulate how can this be treated?
By taking drugs that mimic FSH and LH or with drugs that prevent the negative feedback or oestrogen on FSH secretion
What is artificial insemination and when is most useful?
It’s when semen is collected and inserted into the female tract without intercourse having to take place . It’s useful when a man has a low sperm count or for sperm donors
What treatment is used when there are blocked oviducts ?
In vitro fertilisation
What happens during in vitro fertilisation?
The ova are surgically removed and mixed with sperm cells. The ones that become fertilised get incubated until there are atleast 8 cells and the most promising are transferred back to the uterus
When is intracytoplasmic injection used ?
When the sperm is defective or has a very low count
What does intracytoplasmic injection include?
It takes a singular healthy sperm and injects it directly into an ova and is commonly used as part of IVF treatment
What can PGD predict ?
Single gene disorders and chromosome abnormalities
Give a definition for contraception
The intentional prevention of conception by natural or artificial means
What are the two main categories of contraceptives?
Physical : Barrier methods that stop the gametes from meeting Chemical : Use of hormones
State three barrier methods
• condoms • cervical cap • diaphragm
What are the types of sterilisation in males and females
Males - Vasectomy ( cutting and closing the sperm tube in each testes) Females - Tubuligation ( cutting or closing each oviduct)
How does an IUD prevent pregnancy?
It alters the cervical mucus and prevents implantation of a fertilised egg
How does ‘ The Pill ‘ prevent pregnancy
Contains synthetic oestrogen and progesterone that mimics the negative feedback they have on the pituitary gland so it doesn’t secrete FSH and LH
How does the mini pill work?
Causing thickening of the cervical mucus therefor reducing sperms access to the uterus
What is the difference between the morning after pill and the pill?
The morning after pills is taken with a much higher dosage that the pill of progesterone and oestrogen