EVOLUTION OF MICROBIOLOGY

 Microbially induced sedimentary structures were found in Western Australia depicting earliest record of bacterial community to exist.  These microbial mats bind together sedimentary grains to survive water current.

Occurred during the reign of Pharaoh Mempses in the First Dynasty of Egypt was the first recorded epidemic in human history

Caused by bacteria Yersi ni a pest is transmitted by rat flea

Caused by variola virus. Originated from China and spread worldwide

Second epidemic killed ___ of European population. Also called as “____”

First epidemic occurred in the year ____ during ____ and ______ killing _____ million in the span of two centuries.

is credited with making one of the earliest compound microscopes that has two lenses.

created a single-lens microscope which allowed him to observe and provide accurate descriptions of bacteria, protozoa, and fungi. He is also known as the “Father of Microbiology” mid-1600s

• All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. • The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms. • Cells arise from pre-existing cells.

pioneered the formulation of Germ Theory of Disease which states that microorganisms known as pathogens o “germs” can lead to disease (unsuccessful)

He also developed the process of pasteurization, which became the basis of aseptic techniques

These theories and techniques were also used by _________ to develop aseptic techniques during surgery

proved the Germ Theory of Disease which led to formulation of Koch’s Postulate.  He successfully identified the following different bacteria that caused anthrax, septicaemia, tuberculosis, and cholera.  He used revolutionary methods such as agar culture and bacterial staining.

discovered penicillin, an antibiotic drug which was responsible for enabling the control of many infectious diseases like tuberculosis, pneumonia, and meningitis

This lead to the formulation of Salvarsan, one of the earliest antibiotic drug used for the treatment of syphilis, caused by

used weakened dose of anthrax and cholera on sheep and chickens to make them immune to the disease. • They went on to use this method to find a vaccine for rabies (1885)

formed an idea that it could be possible to kill specific microbes (such as bacteria) without harming the body itself.

WHAT YEAR IS The earliest electron microscope was developed

The Human Genome Project was completed

WHAT YEAR WAS The first complete genomic sequencing of a bacteriophage was accomplished

WHAT YEAR DOES DNA structure was discovered?