tumour immunology 1
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what is the immune system?
A network of cells and tissues are are continuously patrolling our bodies for invaders- it distinguishes self from non-self
give some types of leukocytes
lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils
What are 2 main components/categorys of the immune system?
• Leukocytes - humoral components
what are the humoral components of the immune system?
• antibodies • complement system • cytokines • chemokines
what to cytokines do
recruit other cells to the site of infection
give some of the lines of defence in the body against pathogens/invaders
• tears • skin • large intestine • stomach • saliva • respiratory tract (mucous) • bladder • primary and secondary lymphoid organs
what is meant by opsonization?
• increases pahgocytic efficiency - opsonin binds - AB to an anitgen, so the phagocyte is attracted to the pathogen
what is the origin of the immune cells?
• haemopoiteic SCs • myeloid of lymphoid progentitors • monocytes
what do monocytes give rise to?
• macrophages - dendrite cells
what is innate response/?
• first line of defence used by host immediately • not specific to a particular antigen • e.g. phagocytosis • no memory response • but NK cells may be able to be primed - for a more efficient futire response (new research)
what is a granulocyte and give exmaples?
A type of immune cell which can secrete granules • basophil • eosinophil • neutrophil (phagocyte)
what is an APC?
antigen presenting cell
give some examples of APCs
monocytes and macrophages dendrite cells
what is a TLR and what expresses them?
toll like receptor - dendrite cells express them
what do dendrite cells link together?
innate and adaptive immune systems
what do keratinocytes produce?
produce antimicrobial peptides/cytokines and chemokine • causes activation of innate phagocytes • phagocyte endocytosis kills pathogen
give some info about the adaptive immune system
takes a few days to develop antigen-specific -diverse -immunological memory
give some of the cellular components of the adaptive immune system
Bcells/lymphocytes - mediators of humoral immune response Tcells - mediators of cellular immunity
what is v(D)J recombination?
• mechanism of genetic recombination that occurs only in developing lymphocytes during the early stages of T and B cell maturation. • results in the highly diverse repertoire of antibodies/immunoglobulins (Igs) and T cell receptors (TCRs) found on B cells and T cells
what markers do T cells express?
CD4+ and CD8+
what can be identified by CD4 surface marker?
Thelper cell subsets
what is the MHC?
major histocompatibility complex - set of proteins that bind to antigens