Muscle Tissue And Skeletal Muscles - Tutorial 2
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Describe four functions of muscle tissue
• Produce movement • Maintain posture and stabilise joints and body positions • Storing and moving substances in the body: regulates organ volumes and act as sphincters , moves blood, urine, air, food and fluids, sperm • Skeletal muscle contraction produces heat
Describe three functional characteristics of muscle tissue
• Electrical excitability - The muscle receives and responds to a stimulus which causes muscle action potentials which in turn cause muscle contraction • Contractibility - The ability of the muscle to contract when stimulates, enables tension to maintain a body position or causes the muscle to shorten to produce movement • Extensibility - The ability of muscle to stretch without being damaged (within limits) and to return to its original shape after contraction or extension
Name the three types of muscle
• Skeletal Muscle • Smooth (visceral) Muscle • Cardiac Muscle
State the general location and function for each type
Skeletal Muscle: Location - Attached to bones, Function: to produce skeletal movement Cardiac Muscle Location - Heart, Function: pump blood Smooth Muscle: Location - Walls of blood vessels GI tract, Airways, Function: regulates diameter of blood vessels and airways, propels food in GI (digestive) tract
Define the terms atrophy and hypertrophy and give an example of what causes each
Atrophy - Wasting away of muscles - Caused by disease of the muscle or severing of the nerve supply Hypertrophy - Is the increase in the diameter of muscle fibres - Resulting from very forceful, repetitive muscular activity
Describe the difference between a tendon and a ligament
• Ligaments are fibrous connective tissue that connect bones to bones and serve to hold structures together • Tendons are fibrous connective tissue that attach muscles to bone or other body structures.
Describe the main age related change that occurs to muscle tissue
• Decreased muscle strength (due to less muscle mass) • Skeletal muscle is replaced by fibrous connective tissue and fat • Decreased reflexes (due to slower neuron function) • A slow, progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass
State two specific functions of the pelvic floor muscles
• Support the pelvic organs • Act as sphincters of the urethra and rectum
Name three muscles used for IM (intramuscular) injections
• Gluteus Medius • Lateral quadriceps (vastus lateralis) • Deltoid muscles