exam 1 pt 4
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Examination a Lineweaver Burk plot for an enzyme system after an inhibitor is added reveals a sudden [REDACTED]. Which of the following statements best describes what is happening at the enzyme level? increases Y, increases X, increases slope
increase y - noncompetitive increase x - competitive increase slope – uncompetitive
In ethanol sensitivity, there are two enzymes that clear the dangerous material. Why doesn’t the [REDACTED] clear the material even though the [REDACTED]? Could be asking: why doesn’t the cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase clear the dangerous material even though the acetaldehyde (the compound that causes the ethanol sensitivity) is present?
Cystoplasmic ALDH has a very high km, which makes it very inefficient if the concentration isn’t high. Because mitochondrial enzyme is less active, the cytoplasmic form functions, and it causes acetaldehyde to escape to the blood.
A technician is examining the amino acid sequence of a mutated enzyme cannot be inactivated by protein kinase A. The technician reports that an amino acid: [REDACTED], has been mutated to [REDACTED] and this prevents phosphorylation. Is this statement reasonable or has an error been made? 3
Kinase adds phosphoryl group to serine, threonine, tyrosine Can’t be phosphorylated with alanine If mutated to alanine or anything other than the three above, statement is reasonable
[REDACTED] have excellent potency and work very well to inhibit their target enzyme. What issue do these have that makes them challenging as a useful pharmacologic? transition + suicide
Transition State Enz – they are long-lasting, can be reused, and destroy other cells. Too unstable Suicide Enz – irreversible attaches itself to the enz through covalent bonding. Whole new enz is made. Unpredictable, toxic, and extremely difficult to dose properly.
Which of the following diseases tends to resolve positively over time?
hers disease
Considering a muscle cell [REDACTED]. What is the likely form and state of phosphorylase? (Choose form and state) stimulated by epinephrine but is overloaded with ATP. – High AMP – High ATP – High Glucose-6-Phosphase – Scarce Glucose-6-Phosphase –
stimulated by epinephrine but is overloaded with ATP. – A form R state. High AMP – B form R state High ATP – B form T state High Glucose-6-Phosphase – B form T state Scarce Glucose-6-Phosphase – B form R state
If phosphorylase [REDACTED] phosphorylated what is the likely state, form, and activity of phosphorylase? (Select state, form, activity) Phosphorylase B is phosphorylated
Phosphorylase B is phosphorylated – It becomes the Phosphorylase A in the R state, and it is active.
Why can liver cells generate glucose, but muscle cells cannot?
Because muscle cells lack glucose-6-phosphatase, they cannot convert glucose-6-phosphate to glucose. This is why they need to get glucose from the blood.
Both Hers disease and Type 1 Von Gierke disease possess the symptom of hypoglycemia. Why does Von Gierke also have the threat of lactic acidosis?
Because people with Von Gierke do not have glucose-6-phosphatase in their liver cells. This leads to the liver converting glucose-6-phosphate to lactic or pyruvate through glycolysis.
Considering a [REDACTED] cell stimulated by epinephrine [REDACTED] What is the likely form and state of phosphorylase? muscle cell, overloaded by ATP
The phosphorylase will be A in the R state REGARDLESS of what the second redacted says. EXCEPT if it says it’s overloaded by glucose, then A will be in the T state
In [REDACTED] disease, what is the enzymatic failure? Hers disease, von gierke disease
Hers Disease = Absence of Liver Phosphorylase Von Gierke disease = absence of Glucose-6-phosphatase
Determine if the provided statement is correct or incorrect. If the statement is incorrect, determine if clause (A) or (B) or both possesses an error. (A) Glucose is removed from glycogen by [REDACTED], (B) this is how we know [REDACTED]. A) phosphorylase ___ B) ATP usage ____ A) glucose-6-phosphate____ A) glucose-1-phosphate_____
A) phosphorylase TRUE B) ATP usage FALSE A) glucose-6-phosphate FALSE A) glucose-1-phosphate TRUE