Vitamins
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (24)
What are the two types of vitamin A?
Retinol Beta Carotene
What are the functions of vitamin A?
normal structure and function of skin, mucous membranes, eyes, digestive system vital for growth cellular differentiation immune system
Describe a deficiency in vitamin A:
Night blindness xeropthalmia - dryness of conjunctiva and tear glands are blocked total blindness stunted growth health of skin affected lowered immune system
Describe a toxicity of vitamin A:
Hypervitaminosis Acute - bulging fontanelles, lethargy, drowsiness Clinical - blurred vision, damaged nerves Chronic - alopecia, bone and joint pain, photophobia
Why is a excess of vitamin A during pregnancy dangerous?
It can lead to neural tube defects spina bifida, still birth, can increase miscarriages
Some food sources of vitamin A
Liver products whole milk Pre-packed salad
2 Main sources of vitamin D:
Sun Diet
Name the two types of vitamin D:
ergocalciferol cholecalciferol
What will a deficiency in vitamin D lead to?
Rickets in children Osteomalcia in adults Osteoporosis - usually in women going through menopause, loss of oestrogen
Who is vulnerable to a vitamin D deficiency
Pregnant and lactating women Breastfed babies Those of an Asian origin Aged 65+
Why are pregnant and lactating women at risk of vitamin D deficiency?
They need extra vitamin D to provide a store for the baby, for its first few weeks/ months of life
Why are breastfed babies vulnerable to a vitamin D deficiency?
Formulae milk is fortified with vitamin D whereas breastmilk does not have vitamin D present
Why are those age 65+ vulnerable to a vitamin D deficiency?
They may not get out into the sun as much or may be house bound
Why are those from an Asian origin vulnerable to vitamin D deficiency?
There dark skin does not synthesise vitamin D as well
What does an excess in vitamin D lead to?
Hypercalcemia Demineralisation of bones and teeth diarrhoea, weight loss
Effects of cooking on vitamin D:
stable in heat, insoluble in water
What are the functions of vitamin E?
Antioxidant - protects against free radicals (oxidative damage) Formation of red blood cells, widens blood vessels Keep the immune system strong improves fertility delay ageing/ improve skin condition
What disease in premature babies can vitamin E prevent?
An eye condition - Retrolental Fibroplasia - action of oxygen on developing blood vessels
What can a deficiency in Vitamin E lead to?
Muscular wasting Nerve damage Reproductive failure Anaemia
Name 3 food sources of Vitamin E:
Oils Nuts Seeds
Real name of vitamin E:
tocopherol
Effects of cooking on vitamin E:
Destroyed in heat, oxygen, freezing, chlorine
Vitamin K functions:
formation of blood clotting factors treatment of excessive menstrual bleeding therapeutically in haemorrhagic disease of a new born formation of bone proteins - role in preventing osteoporosis
Deficiency symptoms of vitamin K:
Osteoporosis chronic diarrhoea excessive menstrual bleeding nose bleeds poor blood clotting