body regulation and coordination

a state of balance amoung all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly e.g regulating body temp, blood glucose levels, blood pressure

within the body, if there is a change in the level of a variable of the internal enviroment (a stimulus), that chnage is often detected by a cell or organ (receptor) the receptor communicates via (control centre) with another organ or cell (effector) which produces a (response) SRCER

change in the internal enviroment

a structure in an organism that can detect the stimulus (five senses, smell, touch, taste, see, hear)

something that causes a change to the organism (such as muscle)

process the information (CNS)

the last thing the body (react to stimulus) does to restore homeostasis

type of regulation in biological systems (support life components) in which the response alters/enhances original stimulus of that signal response system

the response opposes/counteracts the original stimulus. almost all regulatory systems are negative feedback e.g temperature regulation, heart rate (as your body temp increases you sweat (dogs pant))

the response enhances the original stimulus. e.g childbirth, breast feeding

• consists of glands that secrete (produce discharge) hormones (chemical messengers) into the bloodstream • the hormones regulate a number of bodily functions such as metabolism, digestion, blood pressure and growth • enables communication between different parts of the body, responds to environmental changes and involved in regulation

master gland- controls other glands and helps with growth water balance and reproduction

regulates blood sugar by producing insulin and glucagon

• keeps your body balanced (homeostasis) • controls how fast you grow • helps manage emotions and stress • regulates blood sugar and energy levels

-chemical messenger molecules, travel through the bloodstream to different parts of the body, telling cells/organs what to do - made by glands in the endocrine system and help regulate important body functions like growth, metabolism, mood and reproduction

• production - glands like pancreas produce hormones • release into bloodstream- hormones travel through the blood to target cells • target cell response- hormones attach to specific receptors on target cells, triggering a response

-type of sugar our body uses as its main source of energy - we get glucose from the food we eat, especially from carbohydrates ie bread, rice, fruits -once digested, glucose enters the bloodstream and carried to cells for energy

two important hormones made by the pancreas - these balancing acts keep blood glucose at a healthy level

• lowers blood sugar • when you eat, glucose levels rise • pancreas releases insulin, helps cells absorb glucose for energy or storage • this lowers blood sugar back to normal levels

• raises blood sugar • if you haven’t eaten for a while, blood sugar levels drop • pancreas releases glucagon, which signals the liver to release stored glucose into the blood

dendrites, cell body, myelin, axon, synaptic terminals

branched extensions of a neuron which receive stimuli from other cells

mass of cytoplasm, with contained nucleus, from which branches of neuron arise

fatty insulating substance surrounding axons of many neurons in vertebrates speeds up impulse transmission