Exam 3
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What is animal health?
The physiological well-being of an animal, beyond the presence or absence of infectious disease.
What factors affect animal health?
Infectious diseases, non-infectious diseases, stress, nutrition, temperature, sanitation, water availability, shelter, and animal density.
What does a healthy animal look like?
Bright eyes, smooth coat, ears/head up, and it stays with the herd/flock.
What does an unhealthy animal look like?
Listlessness, rough coat, drooping head, dull eyes, arched back, and separation from the group.
Define mortality and morbidity in animal health.
Mortality: Death loss. Morbidity: Diseased or unhealthy condition.
What is a zoonotic disease?
A disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans.
Name three zoonotic diseases.
Lyme disease, rabies, and anthrax.
What are methods of animal treatment?
Topically, orally, intra-nasally, subcutaneously (under the skin), intramuscularly, intravenously, and more.
What are common internal parasites?
Strongyles, roundworms, tapeworms, lungworms, and liver flukes.
What are common external parasites?
Ticks, lice, mites, flies, and horse bots.
What is grass tetany, and how can it be prevented?
A magnesium deficiency in blood causing convulsions and death; prevented by supplementing magnesium and avoiding immature grass grazing.
What is bloat, and how is it treated?
Excess gas in the rumen; treated with walking, mineral oil, or stomach tubing.
What is colic in horses, and what are its symptoms?
Abdominal pain; symptoms include rolling, kicking, sweating, and distended abdomen.
What is milk fever, and how is it treated?
A calcium deficiency during lactation; treated with calcium injections.
What is white muscle disease, and how is it prevented?
Selenium and vitamin E deficiency; prevented by supplementing diets with these nutrients.
What is hardware disease, and how can it be prevented?
Ingestion of sharp objects causing internal damage; prevented by keeping pastures clear and using magnets in feed.
What is the role of proper sanitation in animal health?
Prevents diseases by providing clean bedding, feed, water, and equipment.
How can stress be minimized in animals?
Proper housing, nutrition, handling, and separating ill animals.
Why are vaccinations important?
Prevent diseases and reduce reliance on antibiotics.
Name common vaccines for dogs.
Rabies, parvo, distemper, and leptospirosis.
Name common vaccines for cats.
Rabies, FVRCP (herpes, calici, panleukopenia), and feline leukemia.
What vital signs indicate an animal’s health?
Temperature, pulse rate, and respiration rate.
What are symptoms of respiratory distress in animals?
Labored breathing, nasal discharge, coughing, and fever.
What are symptoms of internal parasite infestation?
Dull coat, weight loss, diarrhea, and fever.