Organic Chemistry

A mixture of different hydrocarbons Formed from the remains of plankton that died millions of years ago and got buried in mud

Plastic Petrol Pharmaceuticals Cosmetics

Made of hydrogen and carbon atoms

A type of hydrocarbon Carbon surrounded by hydrogen with single bonds

Cn H2n+2

Because carbon can only have 4 bonds And in alkanes they are fully bonded with single molecules showing they have the maximum number of hydrogens possible

Thickness of a fluid High viscosity = thick and doesn’t flow easily Low viscosity = think and flows easily

Viscos/ think (flows slowly) Less flammable High boiling point (requires more energy to overcome bonds)

Not viscos (Thin) flows easily Flammable Low boiling point (not much energy required to break bonds)

When written all down, they change proportionally going up or down Eg going up they increase in viscosity

Alkanes are combusted ie burnt

Carbon dioxide and water

Separating crude oil into ‘fractions’ in a column Depending in their chain length eg long chain or shirt chain thus their properties Done so we can use the different hydrocarbon lengths for different purposes

Crude oil heated and becomes a gas Enters the column, where it’s hot at the bottom and cool at the top As the gas rises up the column, different hydrocarbons will reach their boiling point at different points The long ones reach it at the hot bottom so they condense there and leave Short ones condense into liquid at the top and leave Very short ones remain as gases and leave

Fuel for ships and power stations Bitumen/ asphalt for roads Diesel

Fuel for aircraft Petrol Fuel for house cooking

Process of breaking long chain hydrocarbons to be shorter As shorter ones are more flammable and easier use for fuel This does not involve crude oil. ONLY HYDROCARBONS

A short chain alkane and an alkene

Very high temperature Catalyst to speed it up

Very high temp Steam

Type of hydrocarbon with 1 double covalent bond between 2 carbon atoms

Cn H2n

No. Because they have 2 less hydrogen molecules than the corresponding alkane they possibly can have

No because there must be a double bond between 2 carbon atoms But meth- only has 1 carbon atom so it’s not possible