5.2 skills

input –> decision making –> output 1) senses provide an input that is sent to the cns for decision making 2) decision is made based upon the info provided and the memory 3) decision is made and neurons are sent to contract the muscles for an output or movement

input - sense organs and internal sensors have detected a change or movement this is then to be perceived, through the CNS, first through the STM, here there is a decision being made that can either result in going into the effector stage (action happens as result) or information gets passed to the LTM. this can then* affect how stimulus is perceived with memory * if info gets passed to effector stage then muscles will contract and carry out a response. this **can also then go back to the perception stage **which can help us see how to respond appriopriatly based on doing something over time and repetitively.* strengthen memory and output *

exteroceptors - detects info from outside body (sight, smell, touch, taste) intoceptpors - detect info from inside the body (chemorecptors, proprioreceptors, barrorecptors) simple model = input, welfords model = sense organs and interal senses propriorecpetors - detect and inform the CNS of bodys position and limb movements

perception where the brain makes sense of the stimulus that has been received. STM stores large amt of info for 10 sec, therefore selective attention is neccessary as it looks out for whats important within the stimulus. the information kept is then compared to the LTM to see how to respond appropriately. called detection comparison recognition DCR eg: someone whos expericenced in playing in stadium wont be as nerous bcs they remember from LTS and are used to the noise and atmosphere.

STSS- holds unlimited information for 0.5 sec STM (inc selective attention)- through repetitive elements to the stimulus some info gets remembered with selective attention keeping important info, for 10 sec, ten peices. consolidation of memory trace gets sent to LTM LTM- unlimited storage, memory formed by constant repetition over a long time period, consolidating. get rehersed

selective memory operates in the STSS where only relevant info gets filtered out of the STM through selective attention. LTM is used because the experience helps the selective attention to keep what is needed and relevant. selective attention helps keep the focus, more practise = stronger bond with LTM memory allows us to benefit from experience if we dont have it every time we do something its like you do it for the first time. all incoming info is held in the STSS and lost within 0.5 sec, this info is only remembered if its stored in the STM, most of the info is lost within 10 sec only the important and whats repeated gets retained in and consolidated in LTM. stss- 0.5 sec stm- 10 sec

linking new info w info that learner alr knows even if its from a different perspective (like sport and bodily movement) eg: golf swing and rounders batter

giving the learner a small amt of info one at a time eg: breaking down how to do a skill eg dribbling

info is split up and taught in small bundles eg: some things are a few things together eg stance so foot placement, position of legs angle of chest…

info is processed mentally and or physically. physical is practising the skill as a trial before the actual shot to get the feel. mental rehearsal (you visualise before performing) the skill.

avoid teaching two similar techniques together in a short amount of time. hard to differenciate between the two, memory might over lap

naming/ giving labels to certain movements so that when its announced movement is thought of.

repeating information creating memory traces with a shuffle between short tm and long tm. consolidation on memory

providing info in chronological order to movement

reaction time + complete movement response the stimulus transmittion and the detection of stimulus and the recognition of the stimulus and the decision to respond and then the nerve transmittion and the initation of action

1) age - children and teenagers the reaction time is faster than when older because of movement. muscles and tendons tend to weaken 2) number of choices - hicks law, double number of choices double the response time (or at least increase) 3) males react quicker than females

when two stimuli are presented close together so that the response time to the second stimuli is slower than normal. eg netball dodge, if the defender thinks the attacker is going left but then suddenly goes right the reaction to the attacker moving right is delayed because the brain can only process the change in direction after the first stimuli. reaction time is lengthened

similar to open in its structure but feedback is used to correct the outcome, internal feedback is used.

o once the skill is learned it becomes autonomous and sub conscious. o the subroutines are structured in a way that you learn it in a certain manner, in an closed environment. but in the game it will be an open environment, reaction is based off the player o feedback only impacts after the performance eventhough you practise loads in the game you will have to apply the skill from any situation, eg shooting basketball, not always gonna be three pointer. so by practising and having the skill theres a higher chance you can react better because its sunconscious

built up by sub routines (mini parts of the complete techniques) that can be practised in seperation.

closed uses internal feedback to correct and compares the movement to the short tm and long tm if there is a match then movement continues if not its corrected (bcs then its not right) closed is more effective for skills needing slow limb movement or taking place over long period of time

internal feeling coming from within the performer. its a feeling. the more you play the more you understand how good teq feels

provided to the performer on how they performed and how to improve and make amendments

outcome of skill is known, all the correct components to get accurate feedback from the results. eg when practising free kicks theres no point if there no defenders and goalie because the results wont help you understand your level of performance