Part 3
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under what circumstances do nonpolar covalent bonds occur?
between atoms with the same EN (H2, Cl2, O2, N2)
what is a coordinate covalent bond?
where the shared electron pair comes from the lone pair of one of the atoms in the molecule. (typically found in lewis acid-base compounds)
what is a lewis acid?
accepts electron pair to form covalent bond
what is a lewis base?
loses an electron pair to form a covalent bond
what is the valence shell electron-pair repulsion theory? (VSEPR)
predicts the molecular geometry of covalently bonded molecules based on lewis structures
the attractive forces that exist between molecules are collectively known as what?
intERmolecular forces
dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding, and dispersion forces are types of what?
intermolecular forces
what forces constitute van der waals forces ?
1) dipole-dipole interactions 2) dispersion forces
do polar species tend to have higher or lower boiling points than nonpolar species of comparable molecular weight?
higher
what are dipole-dipole interactions?
a result of polar molecules orienting themselves with a positive region next to a negative
what are the intermolecular forces?
hydrogen bonding and van der waals (dipole-dipole & dispersion)
which of the intermolecular forces is strongest?
hydrogen bonding
does hydrogen bonding occur intramolecularly or intermolecularly?
both
what are dispersion forces AKA?
london forces
what are dispersion forces?
rapid & temporary unequal sharing of electrons in covalent bonds
do hydrogen-bonded species have exceptionally low or high bp?
high! strong forces; hard to break
what is a molecule?
a combination of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
do ionic compounds form true molecules?
no.. covalent compounds=molecules
what is the difference between molecular weight and formula weight?
molecular weight = covalent compound formula weight = ionic compound
what is avogardo’s number?
6.022 x 10^ 23