Chapter 8B - Percentage yield & atom economy
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How is efficiency of a reaction determined?
• percentage yield • atom economy
What are the factors that reduce percentage yield?
• reactants/products lost in experimental process • equilibrium reactions that do not go to completion • reaction rate too slow to go to completion • reactant impurities • side reactions
What is percentage yield?
• comparison of what is actually produced when conducting an experiment vs what should be produced theoretically
Describe percentage yield for multi-step reaction processes:
• inefficiencies during intermediate phases have a big impact
What is atom economy?
• considers the waste products when measuring reaction efficiency
Describe optimal conditions in industry
• maximise atom economy (incorporate as many atoms as possible into the desired procut) • maximise yield • design more sustainable & efficient reaction • reduces waste / resource use