Unit 2 : Postnatal and Antenatal Screening
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Give an example of a disorder that antenatal screening can identify the risk of
• Downs Syndrome • muscular dystrophy • cystic fibrosis • spina bifida
State a common antenatal procedure
• Ultrasound Imaging • Blood and Urine Tests • Omnicenetesis • CVS
State the time period for dating scans and for anomaly scans
Dating Scans : 8-14 weeks Anomaly Scans : 18-20 weeks
What does a dating scans determine ?
Stage and due date
What does an anomaly scan determine ?
Serious physical abnormalities
When are blood and urine tests that carry out biochemical tests used when the women is pregnant?
16-18 weeks
Why is the women’s blood and urine tested at 16-18 weeks ?
To monitor the concentrations of marker chemicals in case there’s a false positive
What can an atypical chemical concentration in a women’s blood or urine test lead to ?
• diagnostic tests to see if the fetus has a medical condition
Give an example of a marker chemical
HCG
It HCG doesn’t reduce after slowly increasing for 6- 10 weeks what can this indicate ?
That the fetid has Down’s syndrome
What leads to false positive or false negative results on tests that indicate if a fetus has a condition or not
• The tests for marker chemicals been taken at inappropriate point in the timescale and the levels of them fluctuate
What is HCG an example of ?
A marker chemical
What can HCG indicate if its levels remain high after 6-10 weeks
Down’s syndrome
What can lead to a false negative/positive on a test that determines if a fetus has a condition or not ?
The test being taken at an inappropriate time in the timescale such as when the levels of that marker chemical are high
Give 3 examples of a symptoms of pre-eclampsia
• Hypertension • Excess protein in blood plasma • Changes to the blood biochemistry
What causes changes to the blood biochemistry in a pregnant women suffering with pre- eclampsia?
An altered liver or renal functions
Give 2 examples of diagnostic testing?
• Amniocentesis • CVS
What is a Karyotype ?
• an image of an individual’s chromosomes arranged in pairs to identity anomalies
Which diagnostic test has a higher chance of miscarriage?
CVS
What is a disadvantage of Amniocentesis?
The results are given later in pregnancy
State a time period in which amniocentesis and CVS are carried out ?
CVS - 8-14 weeks Amniocentesis- 14-16 weeks
What are the two screening tests ?
Ultrasound imagining + Blood and Urine Tests
What occurs during an amniocentesis test ?
A culture of cells are used to produce a karyotype which are then used to confirm a range of conditions
Give two reasons why Genetic Screening may be carried out
• Diagnose a person w a genetic condition • Help determine the likelihood of a person developing a condition • determine whether or not the person is a carrier for the genetic condition