2.8

the controlled release of energy from organic compounds to produce ATP.

ATP: Universal energy molecule ADP is a empty energy carrier. when another phosphate is added it becomes ATP and carries the unusable energy in the last high energy phosphate bond. When ATP gives up its energy, it loses a phosphate and becomes ADP and gos back to the cytoplasm and mitochondria to be recharged with energy via respiration.

all cells need energy for cell processes. these processes use energy in the form of ATP adenosine triphosphate. ATP is an immediate source of energy to a cell. can diffuse anywhere and releases energy quickly each cell produces its own ATP from foods

the controlled release of energy from food

aerobic cell respiration requires oxygen and gives a large yield of ATP from glucose. occurs in the cytoplasm and mitochondria uses oxygen glucose + oxygen => carbon dioxide + water + energy releases a large amount of ATP

Glycolysis Krebs cycle electron transport chain

produces 2 ATP when glucose is split into 3 carbon pyruvate molecules releasing H2 and CO2. including acetyl coenzyme A formation which is a 2 carbon molecule in the cytoplasm

Produces 2 ATP as a series of reactions breaks up these molecules into H2 occurs in the matrix of the mitcochondria

produces 34 ATP as the H2 combines with O2 to produce water.

produces 34 ATP as the H2 combines with O2 to produce water.

glycosis: cytoplasm Krebs cycle: matrox of the mitochondria electron transport cycle: the increased surface area of the folded cristae surface

gives small yield of ATP from glucose if there is no oxygen then only glycolysis occurs which is no efficient as only 2 ATP are produced as only glucose can be used