Paper 1
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Bitwise XORing…
toggles a subset of the bits in the value when you use a 1 the bianry is toggled/ switched around and 0s there is no impact
Depth First algorithm
• PUSH the first node onto the stack • Repeat: a. push each node onto the stack until a child node is reached b. visit the node which is the lowest you can reach c. if no node to visit pop off the stack • Until stack is empty
Encryption
Encryption is the process of encoding a message so that it can be read only by the sender and the intended recipient.
serialisation
Serialisation ensures that transactions do not overlap in time and therefore cannot interfere with each other or lead to updates being lost
Class
a template to set out a define what attributes an object of a certain type should have
how is redundancy used usefully
organisations build in redundancy e.g. duplicate hardware so that if the main system fails the backup can take over
X∧X=
X
do until loop pseudocode
do code until condition
Sequence
do one statement after another in the correct order
Symmetric Encryption
Symmetric Encryption is when the same key is used to encrypt and decrypt the message. Both party’s must know the key and also keep it secret.
NOT
reverses the outcome of the expression
Byte Scale
bit, nibble, byte, kilobyte, mega, giga, tera, peta, exa, zetta, yotta Multiple by 1024 to move up
Method of capturing data (Manual)
Paper data capture form (read by OCR & OMR or typed in manually)
purpose of operating systems: managing external devices
Using device drivers to translate operating system instructions into those understood by specific models of hardware device
How are character sets used to represent text?
When character in the set has a corresponding binary value which is a set number of bits. These are stored in a sequence that represents a word etc.
Capacity of magnetic
640 GB - 1TB
clock use
synchronise the change of state of flip flop circuits
linked lists
A list of data together with a set of links to sort the data. Data is stored in the order its input and pointers are used to link the data into the desired order.
Selection
do a set of statements based on conditions allow your code to make choices- otherwise known as branching
Peer-to-Peer Networking
No central computer, all computers are connected to each other locally or over a WAN
disadvantages of Client-Server
• Can be expensive to set up and to manage - Server is single point of failure
how to convert floating point binary to denary
1) First work out the denary number in the exponent which tells us that the binary point moves ‘n’ places to the right 2) Write out a new binary weighting line with the point in the right place and then convert into denary
components of a packet
senders address, recievers address, packet contents, sequence number
Consistency
Any change in the database must retain the overall state of the database.