Exam #3
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capacitance
the capacity to store electrical charge
3 mechanisms of electrical shock in the OR
• direct wire contact with metal casing due to insulation damage or faulty construction • inductance due to the magnetic field of the AC, producing a small electrical flow in the surrounding metal casing despite no direct contact • stray capacitance from the buildup of electrical potentials with an AC circuit despite no closed circuit electrical flow.
define DC circuit
direct current, flow of electrons in one direction
define AC circuit
alternating circuit, flow of electrons reverses direction @ set frequency (60 Hz)
what is the macroshock threshold for perception
1mA
what is the macroshock number for loss of consciousness
50mA
what is the macroshock number for vfib
100-300mA
what is the macroshock number for “let go” current
10-20mA
what is the microshock number for v-fib
100μA
what is a transformer used for
isolate electrical supply systems from one another using the principle of magnetic inductance to transfer electricity from one system to another system without having physical contact
magnetic inductance
the tendency of an electrical conductor to oppose a change in the electric current flowing through it. The electric current produces a magnetic field around the conductor
why is the OR power supply ungrounded
to prevent shock if a person contacts one live wire A person must contact both wires in a circuit for shock to occur as the path of electricity flows through the person from one line to the other
why is OR equipment casing grounded
to divert electrical flow in case of internal live wire contact with the metal housing
what is a line isolation monitor
device placed between the live wires and ground to measure their impedance to flow. Alarms if a live wire has contact or high capacitance to ground.
what to do is a line isolation monitor alarms
disconnect the last piece of equipment plugged in and inspect it to verify that it is the offending piece of equipment. May also be activated because of the cumulative effect of minor leakages of many pieces of properly functioning electrical equipment but no risk present.
what are line isolation monitors set to alarm at
2-5mA
what does placing a magnet over a pacer do
reset to a continuous asynchronous mode (DOO, AOO, VOO)
define photon
a particle representing a quantum of light or other electromagnetic radiation. No mass
can EMR exist independently of matter
yes
how does EMR interact with matter (4)
reflected refracted (scatter) diffracted (redirected) absorbed (interfered)
where do x-ray waves fall on the EMR spectrum
higher energy frequency
3 factors of safety for x-rays
distance from source barrier exposure time
minimum recommended distance from x-ray
6ft
what type of fire risk is a laser
ignition