extra questions c11
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Explain why the percentage of nitrogen in the atmosphere increased
Intense volcanic activity
Explain why the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere decreased
• because co2 dissolved in oceans • because of the formation of carbonate sediments
Compare the changes in percentages of oxygen and carbon dioxide
• the percentage of carbon dioxide decreased and the percentage of oxygen increased • the increase and decrease occur at a similar rate
Explain one positive impact on the environment of burning hydrogen rather than natural gas as a fuel. Use the table above.
• less climate change • because no co2 produced
Explain one negative impact on the environment of burning hydrogen rather than natural gas as a fuel. Use the table above.
• more nitrogen oxides produced • nitrogen oxides cause acid rain • acid rain causes respiratory problems
Most scientists think that this has been caused by an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Give one reason why some scientists do not accept this theory.
There may be other reasons for the change in the earth’s mean temperature
Describe the changes in the percentage of electricity generated in the UK using oil and solar energy. Use the data from the graph above in your answer
• use of oil has decreased by 0.8% • Use of solar has increased by 3.4%
Explain environmental effects of releasing products of oil combustion into the atmosphere
• co2 produced • Greenhouse gas • Surface temp increases • Therefore global warming • So climate change • Polar ice caps melt • So increasing sea levels • So flooding • So extreme weather events • So reduction in biodiversity • sulphur dioxide produced • Which causes acid rain • So damage to buildings/statues • So damage to aquatic animals • So respiratory problems in humans • carbon/soot produced • Which are particulates • Which cause global dimming • So respiratory problems in humans
Explain why soot is formed when some fossil fuels are burnt
• incomplete combustion • Because of insufficient oxygen
explain how reducing amount of sulphur in fuels will cause less damage to the statue
• Sulphur reacts with oxygen to form sulphur dioxide • So less sulphur dioxide emitted • So less acid rain • So less limestone reacts with acid rain
Suggest two reasons why wood is more sustainable than natural gas as a fuel for central heating boilers.
• wood is renewable • Burning wood produces the same amount of carbon dioxide as the trees absorbed
Suggest two reasons why the maximum allowed percentage of carbon monoxide has been decreased for newer cars.
• carbon monoxide toxic • Greater public concern about pollution
Give effects of atmospheric pollution which are reduced by using catalytic converters.
• acid rain • Respiratory problems • Carbon monoxide • Global dimming
Give environmental effects caused by acid rain
• kills aquatic animals • Damages limestone buildings • Damage to forests
How do greenhouse gases trap radiation from the sun?
Long wave radiation is reflected back to the surface of the earth
Some scientists think that living organisms could have evolved on Titan. Explain why these organisms could not have evolved in the same way that life is thought to have evolved on Earth
• titan has little oxygen • So photosynthesis has not occurred on titan • Therefore little carbon dioxide present on titan
Explain how methane keeps the earth warm
• methane allows shorter wavelength radiation to pass through from the sun • Which is remitted from the surface as longer wavelength radiation • Which is absorbed by methane from the atmosphere
Describe the changes in Figure 1 and in Figure 2. Explain how these changes have taken place.
• Carbon dioxide has risen steadily • Because of increase in deforestation • Methane has risen overall • Because of increase of cattle • Global air temperature has risen overall • Because carbon dioxide and methane are greenhouse gases that trap heat • Mean sea level has risen steadily • Because polar ice caps melt due to temperature rise
Give two reasons why more evidence is needed to support any conclusions made by this scientific group
• bias • Lack of peer review
Give three conclusions that can be made from the figure above
• carbon dioxide concentration stayed constant from 1850 to 1900 • carbon dioxide concentration slowly increased from 1900 • carbon dioxide concentration increased more rapidly from 1965
Give one reason why it is difficult to produce models for future climate change.
• complex systems • many different variables • many alternative theories
Describe how carbon dioxide helps to maintain temperatures on Earth
• carbon dioxide allows short wavelength radiation to pass through the atmosphere to the Earth’s surface • carbon dioxide absorbs outgoing long wavelength radiation
Explain how human activities have contributed to the main trend shown from 1910 in the figure above.
• increased deforestation causes increase in carbon dioxide • increased cattle farming causes increase in methane
Which gas in the Earth’s atmosphere is used when hydrocarbons burn
Oxygen