C - Chapter VIII: NPN

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

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Front (Question)

FUNCTIONS of the KIDNEYS: 1. Elimination of (?) 2. Elimination of (?) (urea and creatinine) 3. Elimination of (?)like drugs 4. Retention of substances necessary for (?) (proteins & amino acids, glucose) 5. Regulation of (?) of the body fluids) 6. (?) function:

Back (Answer)

excess body water waste products of metabolism foreign substances normal body function electrolyte balance and osmotic pressure Endocrine

Front (Question)

Primary:

Back (Answer)

production of rennin, prostaglandin and erythropoietin

Front (Question)

Secondary:

Back (Answer)

degradation of insulin, glucagon and aldosterone

Front (Question)

Clinically Significant NPN compounds:

Back (Answer)

• urea – 45% • amino acids – 20% • uric acid – 20% • creatinine – 5 % • creatine – 1-2 % • ammonia – 0.2%

Front (Question)

TOTAL NPN METHODOLOGY: TWO STEPS:

Back (Answer)

• KJELDAHL DIGESTION • MEASUREMENT OF AMMONIA FORMED

Front (Question)

MEASUREMENT OF AMMONIA FORMED

Back (Answer)

A. NESSLERIZATION B. BERTHELOT METHOD C. MONITORING CONSUMPTION OF AMMONIA (Kaplan, Manoukian – Fawaz; Kallet – Cook Reaction)

Front (Question)

 The nitrogen in a pff of the specimen is converted to ammonia using hot conc. H2SO4 with copper sulfate, mercuric sulfate or selenium oxide as the catalysts.

Back (Answer)

KJELDAHL DIGESTION

Front (Question)

NPN + H2SO4 NH4HSO4

Back (Answer)

KJELDAHL DIGESTION

Front (Question)

NH4HSO4 + NaOH Na2SO4 + NH3 + H2O

Back (Answer)

KJELDAHL DIGESTION

#10

Front (Question)

Nessler’s reagent

Back (Answer)

double iodide salt of potassium & mercury

#11

Front (Question)

– colloidal stabilizer

Back (Answer)

Gum ghatti

#12

Front (Question)

– yellow to orange brown product

Back (Answer)

Dimercuric ammonium iodide

#13

Front (Question)

NH3 + HgI2.2KI NH2Hg2I2 + KI + NH4I

Back (Answer)

NESSLERIZATION

#14

Front (Question)

Reagent: phenol and alkaline hypochlorite

Back (Answer)

BERTHELOT METHOD

#15

Front (Question)

Catalyst: sodium nitroprusside

Back (Answer)

BERTHELOT METHOD

#16

Front (Question)

Product: indophenol blue

Back (Answer)

BERTHELOT METHOD

#17

Front (Question)

NH3 + NaOCl + Phenol Indophenol + NaCl + H2O

Back (Answer)

BERTHELOT METHOD

#18

Front (Question)

NH3 + α – ketoglutarate + NADH + H Glutamate + NAD

Back (Answer)

MONITORING CONSUMPTION OF AMMONIA (Kaplan, Manoukian – Fawaz; Kallet – Cook Reaction)

#19

Front (Question)

Catalyst: Glutamate dehydrogenase

Back (Answer)

MONITORING CONSUMPTION OF AMMONIA (Kaplan, Manoukian – Fawaz; Kallet – Cook Reaction)

#20

Front (Question)

Measure a decrease in the absorbance at 340 nm

Back (Answer)

Glutamate dehydrogenase

#21

Front (Question)

• most abundant NPN compound in plasma

Back (Answer)

UREA

#22

Front (Question)

• major excretory product of protein metabolism

Back (Answer)

UREA

#23

Front (Question)

• synthesized in the liver from CO2 and ammonia that arises from the deamination of amino acids in the reaction of the urea cycle

Back (Answer)

UREA

#24

Front (Question)

UREA STRUCTURE

Back (Answer)