Lipids and oils

Lipids are hydrocarbons(consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon) that are insoluble in water because they lack polar groups (thus hyrdohphobic)

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

1)Fats provide insulation(protective layer to keep warm of fat) and energy storage in animals 2) phospholipids from plasma Membranes 3) Steroids are important cell messengers 4) waxes have protective functions in many organisms

Glycerol and fatty acids Glycerol is a soluble compound that has three hydroxyl groups. Fatty acid is a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end Carboxyl is an acid

double bonds between their carbon atoms where there are less than two hydrogens per carbon? Missing hydrogens liquid EXAMPLES —> sunflower, oils-corn

Saturated fats have no double bond between their carbon atoms Max hydrogens Solid ex Butter, animal fat

Less Hydrogens result in a higher probability to be broken down.

They are unsaturated fats that have the same missing hydrogens on the same side, the structure is also bent which makes it harder for them to pack together which lowers the melting point and thus become liquid at room temp. ex oil

when the hydrogens missing from the structure are on opposite sides. no bend and thus have higher melting point and aer artificially produced by partial hydrogenation of veg and fish oils. used in margine

glycerol joined to three fatty acids through three dehydration

2x

Contain glycerol and 2 fatty acid chain and a phosphate group. form the plasma membrane head is polar (phosphate) and tail is nonpolar ( fatty acid chains)

lipids containing long-chain fatty acids linked to alcohols or carbon rings -used to form waterproof coatings on various plant and animal parts ie beeswax, stems.