Unit 14 (1.2)
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What is the purpose of SSL/TLS protocols?
Provides secure communication through encryption Authenticates both parties Ensures confidentiality and integrity of transmitted data.
What is Circuit Switching?
A communication method where a dedicated, continuous physical connection is established Between sender and receiver before any data transmission begins Remains in place for the entire duration of the communication.
What are the advantages of Circuit Switching?
Guaranteed bandwidth Data arrives in order Real-time two-way communication
What are the disadvantages of Circuit Switching?
No other user can use the circuit even if idle High setup time and cost No alternative route in case of failure.
List the full sequence of steps in circuit switching.
Sender provides identity of intended receiver. Network checks if the receiver is available. If available, a dedicated sequence of physical links is established. Data is transmitted continuously. After transmission, the circuit is dismantled and resources freed.
What is Packet Switching?
A transmission method where data is divided into discrete packets Each transmitted independently across the network without establishing a permanent path.
What are the advantages of Packet Switching?
Efficient use of bandwidth Packets can be rerouted around faults More secure and resilient.
What are the disadvantages of Packet Switching?
Time delay in reassembly Complex protocols needed Not suitable for real-time applications.
Describe the full operational steps of packet switching.
Data is split into packets. Each packet is assigned a source address, destination address, and payload. Packets are numbered if part of a sequence. Each packet is routed independently via routers. Packets may take different routes and arrive at different times. Receiver reassembles packets in correct order. Receiver sends acknowledgement to sender. Any missing packets are retransmitted.
What is the function of a router in packet switching?
Reads packet headers to determine the destination IP Uses a routing table to find the best next hop Sends packets toward their destination.
What is stored in a routing table?
Network ID Gateway Hop count
What is a packet?
A unit of data divided from a larger message for transmission across a network.
What does a packet header contain?
Protocol used Checksum Fragmentation details
Why is a packet header important?
Ensures packets reach the correct destination Allows correct reassembly of data Enables error detection and retransmission if needed