Mitosis
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define: chromosomes
structures of DNA that hold the majority of genetic information of any organism ( a long DNA molecule that contains many genes) note: if asked to define chromosome I would include everything then write the part in brackets ,in brackets
define : gene
is a small section of DNA that codes for a characteristic
gap fill: DNA is broken down into a large number of ……..
DNA is broken down into a large number of GENES
define: Allele
a different version of the same gene
what is a : DIPLOID
having 2 copies of a chromosome
Give 4 reasons why cell division (mitosis) is needed
1.GROWTH • ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION- some organisms, like bacteria or plants, use mitosis to make a whole new organism, not just more cells for growth or repair 3.REPAIR 4.REPLACEMENT OF WORN OUT CELLS GARR
what is : MITOSIS
a type of cell division that results in 2 genetically identical daughter cells that are also genetically identical to the parent cell
gap fill: -the early parts of the cell cycle include cell …… -followed by new DNA ……… to help copy the original ….. • this allows the single strands of DNA in a chromosome to create a………… copy of itself
the early parts of the cell cycle include cell GROWTH -followed by new DNA SYNTHESIS to help copy the original DNA • this allows the single strands of DNA in a chromosome to create a PERFECT copy of itself
What is most of interphase about?
CELL GROWTH
What does interphase consist of?
Cell growth and DNA duplication (note: it is like cell growth —> DNA duplication —–> cell growth)
Why is it VERY IMPORTANT that in mitosis the cells are GENERTICALLY IDENTICAL
to carry out the same functions as the parent cell
What are the stages in mitosis ,give a brief description of what happens at each.
1.The DNA starts off as long strands in the nucleus PROPHASE - The chromosomes become clear and the nuclear membrane breaks down ( each chromatid is a copy of each other) METAPHASE - the chromosomes line up along the centre line and spindle fibres attach ANAPHASE -the spindle fibres pull the sister chromatids to opposite ends of the cell TELAPHASE - two cells are forming and the nuclear membranes reform around the separated chromosomes which start to uncoil CYTOKINESIS-the cell membrane splits, forming two genetically identical daughter cells. NOTE: in cytokinesis cell membrane splits not nuclear membrane and cytokinesis is NOT a part of mitosis -Cytokinesis is not part of mitosis because mitosis refers only to the division of the nucleus, whereas cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm and occurs after mitosis.
When during interphase are organelles replicated?
during cell growth