1.2 respiratory system
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pathway of air into body
• mouth/nasal passage • trachea • bronchi • bronchioles • alveoli
characteristics of alveoli
• large number: large surface area • good blood supply • walls of capillaries are one cell thick, allow gases to diffuse easily • well ventilated, air reaches easily • moist walls for gases to dissolve
function of diaphragm during breathing
• inhalation: contracts to become flatter • exhalation: relaxes and domes upward
function of intercostal muscles during breathing
• inhalation: contracts to move ribs up and out • exhalation: relaxes to move ribs down and in
mechanics of breathing
inhalation: - chest cavity expands - pressure decreases - air drawn in exhalation - chest cavity reduces - pressure increases - air forced out
define tidal volume
• volume of air inhaled/exhaled with each breath • during normal breathing
define vital capacity
• max volume of air can breathe out • after breathing in as much as can
define residual volume
• volume of air left in lungs • after you breathe out as much as can
define minute ventilation
• volume of air • that you breathe per minute
effect of exercise on tidal volume
increases
effect of exercise on vital capacity
no change
effect of exercise on residual volume
no change
effect of exercise on minute ventilation
increases