Electronics and Control
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What is the formula for Ohms Law?
V=IR
What is the unit for voltage?
Voltage is measured in volts, V.
What is the unit for resistance?
Resistance is measured in ohms, Ω.
What is the unit for current?
Current is measured in amperes or amps, A.
Why are NPN transistors more common than PNP transistors?
NPN transistors are more common because they are cheaper and slightly faster than PNP transistors.
When should the optimum transistor operate.
The optimum transistor should operate when the base voltage reaches 0.7V. This is called the saturation voltage.
How should you write ON when making a hand-drawn flowchart?
ON should be written as HIGH.
How should you write OFF when making a hand-drawn flowchart?
OFF should be written as LOW.
How should a delay be written as in a hand-drawn flowchart?
A delay should be written as WAIT.
How should an input be written as in a hand-drawn flowchart?
An input should be written as a PIN.
If you are not given a micro controller table in a question what should you do first?
You should always make a micro controller table if you are not given one.
What is a transistor?
A transistor acts as an electronic switch and amplifies the current in a circuit.
What is the non-linear range of current gain?
This is the region between 0.6V and 0.7V in which the current gain is inconsistent.
What is the formula for current gain?
Current gain = Ic/Ib
Does current gain have a unit?
No.
What is the formula for voltage dividers?
V1/V2=R1/R2
What electronic component changes its resistance depending on the temperature around it?
A thermistor.
What electronic component turns light energy into electrical energy?
A photovoltaic cell (or solar cell).
What electronic component allows current to flow in one direction only?
A diode.
What electronic components turn electrical energy into sound energy?
A buzzer or loudspeaker.
What electronic circuit allows the supply voltage to be split across two resistors?
A voltage divider allows this to happen.
What component should come before the control unit of any sub-system diagram that has feedback?
An error detector should be put before the control unit.
What is proportional control.
Proportional control is when one quantity varies relevant to another.
What symbols are used to indicate a NOT, an OR and an AND gate in a Boolean expression?
NOT - This is represented with a bar ¯ above its corresponding letter. OR - This is represented with a plus + in-between two letters. AND - This is represented with a dot · in-between two letters.