energy and the role of ATP
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energy is defined as
the capacity/ ability to perform work
ATP
adenosine triphosphate - some stored - use to manufacture hormones - nerve conduction (e.g. reflex uses ATP - gained from food intake
All energy for body functions comes from…
the breakdown of the chemical, ATP
high metabolism
use up ATP a lot quicker
e.g. interaction between muscles and bones keeps the body upright and under control
body needs energy sources that pemit muscles to work e.g. effort needed by the abs and back muscles
3 energy systems can be categorised as:
aerobic and anaerobic
How is ATP used in our body?
need to split compound apart, to replenish, need to build it back tgt, repeat cycle
What actual is movement of muscles?
contraction and lengthening of muscles allows its movement (uses atp)
How much storage of ATP is there in the body and what happens after it is all used up?
2-3 seconds of ATP storage in body then energy systems rebuild the ATP that is used up have percentage of interaction between energy systems
Rebuild
Replenish, resynthesis
3 energy (replenish) systems
creatine phosphate system, lactic acid system. aerobic system(only one that requires o2, most efficient- others have limits) periods of time don’t have o2 or have, therefore they occur at diff levels at diff time
how does the body get ATP to breakdown?
ATP chilling( potential energy)-> upon electrical nerve impulses from brain -> enzyme is released to ATP -> ATP split (last phosphate molecule breaks off, energy in the high energy bond is released-> becoming ADP+Pi+energy
where does energy locate in the ATP?
in the high energy phosphate bonds
use of ATP def
breakdown of high energy bonds to release energy for body functions
What impacts the substrate used in the re-generation of ADP to ATP and what substrates can there be?
Intensity and duration of exercise. - phosphocreatine - glucose, glycogen, lactic acid - fat or protein
Which substances run the lactic system?
glucose and glycogen run the lactic system
which two states does the body create energy in?
at rest or during exercise
How does the body function to replenish ATP?
Energy input from energy systems to replenish ADP into ATP
Where is ATP stored?
Mostly in the muscles, amount can last for appx 2 seconds
Metabolic activities
a balancing act involving two kinds of activities that go on at the same time: building up body tissues and energy stores (called anabolism) breaking down body tissues and energy stores to get more fuel for body functions (called catabolism)
metabolism
chemical reactions in the body that changes food into energy (the 3 energy systems refilling adp into atp
Phosphorylation
the addition of a phosphoryl (PO3) group to a molecule (adp->atp
What do synthesise and resynthesise mean?
ATP is hydrolyzed into ADP and Pi, and then ADP and Pi combine to resynthesize ATP.
Why is it necessary for us to constantly resynthesise ATP?
Because we do not store a significant amount of ATP and need a continuous supply, it must be constantly resynthesized.