Topic 1 - Key Concepts ( Cells And Microscopy )
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State the two types of cell
Eukaryotic Prokaryotic
What if the difference between a eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell?
A eukaryotic cell contains a nucleus and a membrane bound organelles. A prokaryotic cell does not
List the components of both plant and animal cells
Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell membrane Mitochondria Ribosomes
How is genetic information stored in a eukaryotic cell?
Within the nucleus, arranged in chromosomes
Other than storing genetic information, what is the function of the nucleus ?
Controls cellular activities
Describe the structure of the cytoplasm
Fluid component of the cell Contains organelles, enzymes and dissolved ions and nutrients
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Site of cellular reactions e.g first stage of respiration
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls the entry and exit of materials into and out of the cell
What is the function of the mitochondria ?
Site of later stages of aerobic respiration in which ATP is produced
What is the function of the ribosomes ?
Joins amino acids in a specific order during translation
Which organelles are found in plant cells only?
Large permanent vacuole Cell wall Chloroplasts
What is the cell wall made of ?
Cellulose
What is the function of the cell wall?
Provides strength Prevents the cell bursting when water enters by osmosis
What does permanent vacuole contain?
A solution of salts , sugars and organic acids
What is the function of the permanent vacuole ?
Supports the cell, maintaining its turgidity
What is the function of the chloroplasts ?
Site of photosyntheses
When looking at a cell using a light microscope, why do chloroplasts appear green?
Contain chlorophyll , a green pigment
List the organelles found in prokaryotic cells
Chromosomal DNA Plasmid DNA Cell wall Cell membrane Ribosomes Flagella
How is genetic information stored in a prokaryotic cell?
Found free within the cytoplasm as : • chromosomal DNA • plasmid DNA
What are plasmids?
• small circular loops of DNA found free in the cytoplasm and separate from the main DNA • carry genes that provide genetic advantages - antibiotic resistance
What is the prokaryotic cell wall made of?
Peptidoglycan
What is a flagellum ?
• long rotating whip like protrusion Enables bacteria to move
What is a haploid cell ?
A cell that contains a single copy of each chromosome ( half the number of chromosomes ) 23 in humans
What is a diploid cell ?
A cell that contains two copies of each chromosome ( full set of chromosomes) 46 in humans