Structure and Bonding - C3

Solid Liquid Gas Aqueous solution

two ions

Between a metal and a non-metal Ions are formed Strong bonds formed

Between 2 non-metals Share electrons Not as strong bonds

It is the same element but has a different structure at the same temperature

Diamond Graphite

Each atom forms 4 covalent bonds with other carbons They are in a tetrahedral structure This makes it very stable and hard Very high melting point Non - Conductor

Each atom forms 3 covalent bonds with other carbons Layer structure - bonds beween the layers are weak 4th electron from each atom is delocalised - conductor Very high melting point Very soft - layer structure Fairly unreactive

They are large molecules of carbon with 60+ carbon atoms They can be many different shapes like tubes or spheres They are hollow Each atom forms 3 covalent bonds with other carbons 4th electron delocalised - conductor Used as reinforcement or as drug transport

It is a single layer of graphite Excellent electrical conductor Very strong

There is a sea of delocalised outer shell electrons These surrond the positively charged ions Metals are crystalline Properties can be changed by changing the size of the crystals

10 -9 of a meter

Because they are so small Their surface area is very big conpared to their volume

Suncream Delivering drugs to specific places in the body Reinforce materials

Very explosive Finding their way into the atmosphere and the enviorment Could be dangerous if breathed in

Strong attraction between oppositely charged ions so lots of energy is needed to break them

Weak inter molecular forces so little energy needed to break them