Ant final
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What is Eusociality?
highest level of animal sociality
Benefits of Eusociality?
selfish herd, competitive, reduce dispersal risk
Costs of Eusociality?
increased competition, transmission of disease, easy detection of predators
Ants communicate through ___.
pheromones
What is Trophallaxis?
sharing of liquid food
What is nestmate transport?
one ant carries another ant
What is Biological Altruism?
individuals benefit others at the cost of themselves
Why might sterile workers give up own reproductive ability to help mother (altruism)?
high relatedness and ecological factors
What is kin selection?
strategy that favors the reproductive success of an individual’s relatives at the cost of their own survival
What is Direct Fitness?
production of offspring
What is Indirect Fitness?
aiding the production of relatives’ offspring
What is Haplodiploidy?
males develop from unfertilized eggs and females develop from fertilized eggs
What’s the Life Cycle of an ant colony?
founding stage, growth stage, reproductive stage
What is Independent Founding Stage (ICF)?
queens found new colonies alone
Advantages to ICF?
long range dispersal, reduced competition with ants
Disadvantages to ICF?
slow colony growth, later reproduction, increased competition between colonies
What is Dependent Colony Foundation (DCF)?
queens found new colonies with help from workers of natal colony
Advantages to DCF?
faster colony growth, earlier colony reproduction, competitive advantages over ICF colonies
Disadvantages to DCF?
limited dispersal, fate on colony dependent on environment, increased local competition
What is Nuptial Flight?
gynes and males fly to mate with each other
What is a Superorganism?
the idea that an ant colony is like a single organism
What’s a Queen?
reproductive unit of colony
What’s a Worker (Minor Worker)?
sterile female that does all tasks except for reproduction
What’s a Soldier (Major Worker)?
sterile female, protection from predators and carry large objects