Science - rocks, minerals - Sheet1
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mineral
inorganic, solid material found in nature
crystal
solid material whose atoms are arranged in a repeating pattern
cleavage
able to split into pieces with smooth regular planes
fracture
able to break into pieces with jagged or rough edges
streak
the color of a mineral in powdered form
luster
how light reflects from a mineral’s surface
specific gravity
ratio of a mineral’s weight compared with the weight of an equal volume of water
hardness
a measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched
gem
mineral that is rare and can be cut and polished
ore
mineral that can be mined at a profit
igneous rock
formed when melted rock material from inside earth cools
extrusive
formed at or near the earth’s surface
intrusive
formed inside the earth
sedimentary rock
formed when sediments collect in layers
detrital
sedimentary rock made from grains of minerals or other rocks
organic
sedimentary rock made from the remains of living things
chemical
sedimentary rocks made from dissolved minerals
metamorphic rock
formed when existing rocks are heated or squeezed but not melted
foliated
metamorphic rock with visible layers
nonfoliated
metamorphic rock with no visible layers
rock cycle
describes how different types of rock are related to each and can change from one to another