Section 2.1 - Energy Relationships & The Biosphere

The ______ is the source of all energy on earth

______ energy that radiates from the sun contains many different types of radiation which are classified according to different wavelengths

The amount of this solar energy that is actually received on earth surface is called ______

Insolation has many implications for climate on ______ parts of the earth

The earth’s axis of rotation is tilted at an angle of 23.5° from a line drawn perpendicular from its orbital plane. This is called the ______

The ______ of the earth changes the insulation at different parts of the earth at different times of the year

A ______ is one of two points in earth’s orbit when the poles are most tilted towards or away from the sun

An ______ is when the number of daylight hours is equal exactly is the number of hours of night

The earth is divided into different ______ where 0° is at the equator and the poles are at 90°

Fact that the earth is shaped like a ______ has an affect on the insolation at different latitudes

The ______ of a ray is the angle between the ray and a line that is drawn perpendicular to the earth’s surface

Areas near the poles receive ______ solar energy per square kilometer

Areas near the equator receive ______ solar energy per square kilometre

Absorption and reflection of the sun’s ______ happens in all three parts of the biosphere (*model on PP)

In the atmosphere: The types and amounts of radiation absorbed or affected is affected by: - The ______ in the atmosphere: different layers contain different types and amounts of ______ - cloud ______ and atmospheric ______

In the lithosphere and atmosphere: • The ______ of a surface is the percent of solar radiation that it reflects • the average ______ for the earth’s surface is about 30%

When solar energy is absorbed in the earth’s surface some of it is re-emitted into the atmosphere in the form of ______

Infrared radiation is absorbed and stored by mainly ______ in the atmosphere

Without this ______ our average atmospheric temperature would be below 0°C

Other greenhouse gases, some of them man-made, absorb and store thermal energy. These contribute to the ______

The net radiation budget is: ______ radiation - ______ radiation

______ radiation is solar radiation that reaches the surface of the earth and isn’t reflected by the atmosphere

______ radiation is thermal radiation that is re-emitted by the earth’s surface into space and is not absorbed by the greenhouse gases

For the entire planet, the energy budget is generally ______, which means incoming = outgoing, this keeps the average global temperature fairly ______