Lect. 3 Carbohydrates

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

Front (Question)

Glucose

Back (Answer)

Used in polymer synthesis (monosaccharide)

Front (Question)

Fructose

Back (Answer)

Component of table sugar (monosaccharide)

Front (Question)

Galactose

Back (Answer)

Component of milk sugar (monosaccharide)

Front (Question)

Ribose (Type)

Back (Answer)

Used in RNA nucleotides Component of RNA

Front (Question)

Deoxyribose (Type)

Back (Answer)

Used in DNA nucleotides Component of DNA

Front (Question)

Sucrose

Back (Answer)

In plants, table sugar di-saccharide glu + fru

Front (Question)

Lactose

Back (Answer)

Milk sugar di-saccharide glu + gal

Front (Question)

Maltose

Back (Answer)

Brewing sugar di-saccharide glu + glu

Front (Question)

Starch

Back (Answer)

Storage in plants polysaccharide

#10

Front (Question)

Glycogen

Back (Answer)

Storage in animals polysaccharide

#11

Front (Question)

Cellulose

Back (Answer)

Structural in plants polysaccharide

#12

Front (Question)

Chitin

Back (Answer)

Structural in animals in fungi polysaccharide

#13

Front (Question)

Peptidoglycan

Back (Answer)

Structural in bateria polysaccharide

#14

Front (Question)

2 types of sugar

Back (Answer)

aldoses and ketoses difference lies in the location of the carbonyl gr. (-C=O)

#15

Front (Question)

Monosaccharide molecular formulas

Back (Answer)

multiple of CH2O (1:2:1 ratio) [CH2O]n where n is a nber between 3 and 7

#16

Front (Question)

3 most common sugars

Back (Answer)

• Trioses (smallest sugars) • Pentoses (in DNA) • Hexoses (common sugars)

#17

Front (Question)

3 common monosaccharides (all hexoses)

Back (Answer)

• glucose • galactose • fructose all 3 have chemical formula: C6H12O6 they are structural isomers of one another

#18

Front (Question)

most common monosaccharide

Back (Answer)

glucose its open chain forms of glucose form ring structures in solutions ring form is the most common form in living organisms

#19

Front (Question)

How does glucose form rings? What is the ring called?

Back (Answer)

C1 aldehyde reacts with C5 hydroxyl gr. to form a ring called a pyranose ring

#20

Front (Question)

2 isomers of glucose ring structure

Back (Answer)

• α-glucose, OH gr. at C1 is on the opp. side of CH2OH • β-glucose, OH gr. at C1 is on the same side as CH2OH these isomeric forms differ in the orientation of the OH gr. at C1

#21

Front (Question)

Glucose in Biology Glucose is the end product of what process? What is it used for?

Back (Answer)

• Photosynthesis in plants • Glucose is used as an energy source in most organisms During cellular respiration, cells oxidize glucose molecules converting the stored energy to a form that can be readily used for cell work.

#22

Front (Question)

Homeostasis of Blood Glucose What regulates the concentration of glucose in the blood? Where is it produced?

Back (Answer)

Hormones insulin and glucagon which are produced by the pancreas transported thoughout the body via blood vessels

#23

Front (Question)

Almost all mechanism to maintain homeostasis:

Back (Answer)

negative feedback mechanisms return a variable to its set point loop: set point, stimulus -> detected by a sensor -> triggers response to return to the set point (effector)

#24

Front (Question)

What does insulin do?

Back (Answer)

Insulin decreases blood glucose. Insulin can bind to receptors on surface of fat, muscle, and liver cells and promote the transport of glucose inside cells. Glucose Transporter 4 triggered by insulin