1.1 The Skeletal System (Anatomy)

Skull (cranium, mandible) Ribs Sternum Vertebral column

Cervical [7] Thoracic [12] Lumbar [5] Sacral [5 fused as one] Coccyx [4 fused as one]

Scapula, clavicle Humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges Pelvic girdle Femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

Long, short, flat, irregular

Phalanges, clavicle, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula, humerus

Carpals, tarsals, metatarsals, metacarpals

Scapula, cranium, sternum, pelvic girdle, ribs

Vertebral column

Proximal epiphysis, diaphysis, distal epiphysis Spongy bone, red marrow, articular cartilage, periosteum, compact bone, medullary cavity, yellow marrow, nutrient foramen

Enlarged ends of the long bone; the head of the bone that is closest to where the bone attaches to the body

Shaft of the long bone

Enlarged ends of the long bone; the head of the bone that is furthest away from where the bone attaches to the body

Epiphysis is made of spongy bone; produces red bone marrow

Bone marrow required for the production of blood cells (red and white blood cells + platelets)

Thin hyline cartilage; covers the end of the bone to form joints; function is to reduce friction and absorb shock

Membrane that is the outer lining of bone; important for growth, repair, nutrients, attachment of ligaments and tendons

Diaphysis is made up of compact bone; relatively solid and dense; important for protection and support, resists the stress of weight placed on the bone

Space within the diaphysis; where yellow bone marrow is stored

Bone marrow that is yellow with fat

Small opening in the diaphysis; where blood vessels passes through to enter the medullary cavity; provide the bone marrow and compact bone with blood and nutrients

Below or further away from the head

Above or nearer to the head

Closer to where a limb attaches to the body

Further from where a limb attaches to the body