bacteria and archaea
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prokaryotic cells lack
• nuclear envelope and membrane bound organelles - circular DNA
are prokaryotes a natural taxon?
No
why do scientists study extremophiles?
they think the extreme conditions might be more like early earth or space or commercial applications ( find out more about the tree of life or aliens or $$)
bacteria that cause disease
pathogenic
what can you do with bacteria that can survive extreme heat?
run PCR ( polymerase chain reaction)
looking at genomics of organisms straight from the environment and seeing which ones you can and can’t identify
metagenomics
what are Koch’s postulates?
• ) microbe must be present in an individual suffering from a disease and absent from healthy individuals • ) able to be isolated and grown away from culture • ) if injected into healthy person- symptoms should appear • ) ^ taken from that person grown again and look the same
why are certain strands of E. Coli pathogenic?
it has a protein toxin that bonds to ribosomes and inhibits protein synthesis, killing the host cell
bioremediation
using bacteria and arches to clean up sites polluted by organic solvents
gram stains are used to…
distinguish two general types of cell walls
gram positive cells have cell walls with…
extensive peptidogkycan
gram-negitive cells have cell walls with
a thin gelatinous layer containing peptidogkycan and an outer phospholipid bilayer
chemooganotrophs
get energy by oxidizing organic molecules
chemolithitrophs
get energy by oxidizing inorganic compounds
why is aerobic respiration so great?
oxygen is extremely electronegative so it is a really efficient electron acceptor
what was responsible for a high concentration of oxygen in earth’s atmosphere?
Cyanobacteria
prokaryotic cells are
single called organisms
have unique phospholipids in their plasma membranes– the hydrocarbon tails of the phospholipids are made from isoprene
archaea
have a unique compound called peptidogkycan in their cell walls
bacteria
what is one trait that differs from bacteria and archaea?
the structure of the RNA polymerase
bacteria and archea are…
always haploid